1.the Iron Age 铁器时代2.covalent bonding 共价键，共价结合posites 复合材料4.crystal lattice 晶体点阵，晶格position and structure 成分和结构6.tensile strength抗拉强度，抗张强度7.ferrous metals 黑色金属8.gray cast iron 灰口铸铁9.austennitic stainless 奥氏体不锈钢10.weldability and hardenability 可焊性和可淬性11.refractory metals 难溶金属11.carbide and nitride碳化物和氮化物12.stiffness 刚度13.corrosion 腐蚀14.the Bronze Age 铜器时代15.metallic bonding 金属键，金属结合16.polymers 高分子材料17.ceramics and glasses 陶瓷和玻璃18.elementaty cell 晶胞19.direction indices晶向指数20.synthesis and processing 合成和加工21.yeild strength 屈服强度22.nonferrous metals 有色金属23.white cast iron白口铸铁24.martensitic stainless steels 马氏体不锈钢25.castability and formability 铸造性能与模锻性能26.titanium and nickel钛和镍27.precious metals 贵金属28.oxide and sulfide氧化物和硫化物29.die cast alloy压铸合金30.elasticity 弹性，弹力31.brittleness脆性32.fatigue strength 疲劳强度33.corrosion腐蚀34.annealing 退火35.high compressive strength 高压缩强度材料工程materials engineering 金属及其化合物metals and their alloys 面心立方晶格face-centered cubic lattice 材料塑性the plasticity of materials 普碳钢plain-carbon steels 陶瓷ceramics 合金元素alloying elements 表面处理surface treatment 金属物理性能the physical property of metals 材料科学materials science 金属材料metallic materials 体心立方晶格body-centered cubic lattice 材料的强度the strength of materials 有色金属nonferrous metals 合金钢alloy steels 铝及铝合金aluminums and aluminum alloys 加工硬化work hardening 热处理heat treated 金属力学性能mechanical propertyAbsorbed energy吸收功transition temperature转变温度modulus of elasticity弹性模量conductivity导电性thermal expansion热膨胀heat capacity 热容mold铸型rolling轧制forming 模压thermosetting ploymers热固性材料thermoplastic ploymers 热塑性材料stress versus strain应力应变pig iron生铁wrought iron熟铁steel malking 炼钢smelting熔炼blast furnace鼓风炉castability可锻性machinability机加工性nonmachinable不可机加工的hardenability可淬硬性nonmagnetic非磁铁alloyed steels合金钢anneal退火stree-corrsion cracking应力腐蚀断裂high-strength low-alloy steel高强度低合金钢cast iron alloys铸铁合金heat-treatable 可热处理的solubility溶解度thermo-mechanical 热加工性plain-carbon steel普碳钢electrolytic iron电解铁Introduction to materials材料概论coordination nunber配位数polycrystals多晶体anisotropy各向异性hexagonal close-packed structure 密排六方结构impact strength冲击强度tensile strength拉伸强度yield point屈服点utimate strength极限强度breaking strength破坏强度fracture toughness断裂韧度thoughness 韧性elastic limit弹性极限creep strength蠕变强度creep蠕变fatigue life 疲劳寿命corrosion resistance抗腐蚀性wear-resistance 耐磨性wear rate磨损率oxidation resistance抗氧化性imperfection缺陷austenitic马氏体martensitic 马氏体pearlite珠光体ferritic铁素体iron carbide渗碳体stainless steel不锈钢fracture 断裂compouds化合物specific strength比强度allotropic同素异形体reractory metals耐火材料anodize阳极电镀forging锻造casting铸造hardness硬度gray cast iron灰口铸铁magnetin磁性rust铁锈ingots铸锭malleable cast iron 可锻铸铁brittle materials脆性材料white cast iron 白口铸铁gears齿轮shafts轴weldable可焊接的unweldable不可焊接的weldablility可焊接性tool steels工具钢metallic bonding金属键covalent bonding共价键ionic bonding离子键hydrogen bonding 氢键crystal lattice晶格crystalline晶体amorphous非晶体packing factor致密度crystallographic indices结晶指数slip planes滑移面close-packed planes密排面elasticity弹性Elongation rate延伸率stress-rupture properties应力开裂reduction in area断面收缩句子：1,It is generally the behavior of materials is which limits the performance of machines and equipment.材料的性能通常限制着机器和设备的性能2,It is useful to consider the extent of metallic behaverior in the currently known range of chemical elements.在目前已知的化学范围内考察其金属性的程度是很有用的3,The packing factor is determined as the ratio of the volume of all elementary particles per elementary cell to the total volume of the elementary cell.填充因子的大小取决于每个晶胞中所有基本微粒的体积之和与整个晶胞体积之间的比率4,In most materials more than one phase is present, with each phase having its unique atomic arrangement and properties. Control of the type, size, distribution, and amount of these phases within the main body of the material provides an additional way to control properties of a material.在大多数材料中，往往存在着不止一种相，每一种相都有其各自的原子排列和特性。
在材料的主体部位中控制这些相的种类、尺寸、分布和数量，是控制材料性能的另一途径。
5,Metals have been useful in humanity through the ages because they are "strong" when subjected to the external forces encountered under service conditions, yet they become "soft" enough to yield to a machine cutting tool or to a compressive shaping force.很久以来，金属材料就对人们是有用的，因为当它们在使用状态下受到外部的作用力时，它们会很结实，但它们也能变得足够柔软，而屈服于机械切削加工或成型加工力。
6,High temperature stability is important for tool steel, because it must be able to maintain its properties (both of physical and chemical properties) at elevated temperature.高温稳定性对工具钢来说是很重要的，因为它必须在高温下保持他的各种性能（包括物理和化学性能）7,Titanium's alloys offer superior specific strength in high temperatures (over 590'c) and lowtemperatures (-253'c), which makes it a popular structural metal in ultrahigh-speed aircraft.由于钛合金在高温（超过590'C）和低温（-253'C）下，皆可提供高的比强度，这一点使得它成为超高速飞行器上的受欢迎的金属结构材料。