UNIT1In order to generate positive press, Philip Knight, the chairman and executive if Nike, announced that he would toughen the health and safety standards and decrease the use of child labor. Although there is a lot of smoke in knight's initiative, if Knight keeps his promise, it is necessary for other apparels Despite an excellent employment history, she found herself demoted from team leader to cleaning the toilets and at last was forced to resign. It seems that there is no change in Nike.为了产生积极的新闻，耐克的董事长兼执行官菲利普奈特宣布他将强化健康和安全标准并减少使用童工。
虽然骑士的倡议有很多烟，但如果奈特信守诺言，其他服装公司也有必要作出类似的承诺。
鞋类工厂配备了可能造成严重伤害的重型机械，工厂使用的大部分原材料都是有毒的。
奈特的童工倡议是一个烟幕。
为了保持良好的公共关系，奈特宣布他将严厉打击儿童的使用。
耐克面临的最大问题是，海外工人的工资水平低于工资，即使是微不足道的工资也会对海外工厂工人的生活产生重大影响。
人权组织一直在说，耐克的海外工人每天至少需要花3美元才能满足他们的基本食物，住所和衣物需求。
然而，耐克的一个主要策略是重塑其公众形象，以消除任意滥用，同时尽可能少地为工人做。
越南耐克工人Nguyen透露，从团队领导到清洁厕所，公众使用体罚和tapr工作条件尽管有良好的工作经历，她发现自己从团队领导降职到清洁厕所，最后被迫辞职。
似乎耐克没有变化。
相当多的印度儿童适应工作，因为如果没有他们，他们的家庭就无法过上体面的生活。
这在印度是一个广泛传播的现象，让孩子们能够帮助维持他们的家庭。
年轻的工人通常过着悲惨的生活，住在贫民窟，每天都会接触到疾病。
结果，他们中的许多人开始从毒害中受苦，这可能与他们的工作有关。
虽然有些父母为了让他们的孩子接受教育，但童工问题已经持续了很长时间。
印度政府已经努力试图废除这种做法，并帮助哄骗工作的孩子离开劳动力队伍。
此外，国际劳工组织一直在提出寻找出路的建议。
然而，在印度出现一些根本性变化之前，不会完全或成功地消除童工现象。
As it happened, the man was a visiting physics professor from Rome-part of the flood of scientists fleeing postwar Europe. Having just arrived, he was given directions to the lab, found it was dirty, and began cleaning it up. He was doing research in cosmic rays. And he was the first one who made me think that因此，如果天生的科学礼物不是必不可少的，那么科学家的特质是什么呢？莱德曼说，第一个是“全心投入”。
他说，科学家需要“抵制被劝阻”。
“你必须能够度过很短的时期，其中有许多。
你需要愿意努力工作并且一心一意 - 思考你在剃须时所做的事情。
它能够完全迷恋你，所以你对假期，睡觉，吃饭或其他任何东西都不感兴趣。
当然，你必须抬起头来。
但是你需要能够去三个月左右在婴儿床上小睡，硬币机出来的食物。
”Psychologists are finding that hope plays a surprisingly powerful role for success in life. According to Dr. Charles R. Snyder, hope has proven to be a powerful predictor of outcome. For example, the level of hope among freshmen at the beginning of their first semester was an accurate predictor of their college performance. Students with high hope set themselves higher goals and know how to work to attain them. Hope is not merely the sense that everything will turn out all right. This notion blurs two key components of hope: will and way. Having hope means believing you have both of them to accomplish your goals, whatever they may be. Unfortunately, despite the folk wisdom that "where there’s a will, there's a way," Dr. Snyder has found that the two are not necessarily connected. Not all people have both the willpower and means to accomplish their goals.People with high levels of hope share several attributes: they turn to friends for advice on how to achieve their goals; they tell themselves they can succeed at what they need to do. When faced with difficulties, they tell themselves things will get better as time goes on; they are flexible enough to find different ways to get to their goals. If hope for one goal fades, they aim for another; and they are able to break a formidable task into specific, manageable chunks.Snyder believes hope can be nurtured. In an attempt to help children learn mental habit of hopefulness, he has made a videotape showing interviews with students who are high on hope. He believes similar approaches might work toraise hopefulness among other groups, such as children in impoverished neighborhoods.心理学家发现，希望在生活中取得了令人惊讶的巨大作用。
根据Charles R. Snyder 博士的观点，希望已被证明是结果的有力预测指标。
例如，新生在第一学期开始时的希望程度就是他们大学表现的准确预测。
抱有很高希望的学生为自己设定了更高的目标，并且知道如何努力实现目标。
希望不仅仅是一切都会好转的感觉。
这个概念模糊了希望的两个关键组成部分：意志和方式。
拥有希望意味着相信你有两个人都能实现你的目标，无论他们是什么。
不幸的是，尽管有民间智慧，“哪里有遗嘱，有办法，”斯奈德博士发现两者并不一定是联系在一起的。
并非所有人都有意志力和手段来实现他们的目标。
具有高度希望的人有几个共同的属性：他们向朋友寻求关于如何实现目标的建议;他们告诉自己，他们可以在他们需要做的事情上取得成功。
面对困难时，他们会告诉自己随着时间的推移，事情会变得更好;他们足够灵活，可以找到不同的方法来实现目标。
如果一个目标的希望消退，他们就会瞄准另一个目标;并且他们能够将强大的任务分解为特定的，可管理的块。
斯奈德相信希望可以得到培养。
为了帮助孩子们学习充满希望的心理习惯，他制作了一个录像带，展示了对那些充满希望的学生的采访。
他认为类似的方法可能有助于提高其他群体的希望，例如贫困社区的儿童。
UNIT4(注意：下文为10选10)Cox, a botany professor, scours the world's flora in search of plants that will benefit Western medicine. He spent years in Samoa interviewing or apprenticing himself to traditional healers with the knowledge of the recipes containing plants whose chemical compounds might help combat incurable diseases-notably cancer AIDS, and Alzheimer’s. The drive is intensifying to collect and screen more natural products for their medicinal effects. Major technological advances in screening processes have helped Cox and other ethnobotanists immensely. Pharmacologists (药物学家) must analyze a lot of chemical compounds before finding one with the potential to be tested for efficacy in humans. As a result of these advances, drug companies and scientificinstitutions are collaborating on field research all over the globe, racing to study as many natural substances as possible. Cox holds that it is very necessary to help native people understand the wealth of their heritage so that they will want to preserve it.植物学教授考克斯（Cox）在寻找有利于西方医学的植物时搜寻世界植物。