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太阳级硅材料少子寿命测试技术与仪器
少子寿命测试仪的介绍
WT-2000
WT-1000
单点 硅片
多功能扫描系统,可选配:
u-PCD / carrier lifetime (少子寿命) SPV / diffusion length (扩散长度) LBIC / photovoltaic response (光诱导电流) bias light for all aboves (各种偏置光) reflectance / efficiency loss (反射率测试) eddy current resistivity (电阻率测试) thickness and thickness variation (厚度测试) Non-contact sheet resistance (方块电阻测试)
16.75% 5” mono 3.431us
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- 少子寿命测试中对陷阱缺陷(Trap Defects)效应的补偿
The use of bias light (continuous halogen lamp illumination) in solar cell measurement
Without bias light
With bias light
One point measurement with increasing bias light intensity
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taverage=11.8ms
2020/7/17
taverage=17.1ms
No
10 GHz microwave
pen. depth ~ 500 µm in 1 cm
Surface Recombination
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1.78ms
Photoinduced charge carriers
Surface Recombination
CuInGaSe Film On Glass
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Efficiency [% ]
40 Sn=1 cm/s
35 Sn=10 cm/s Sn=100 cm/s
30 Sn=1000 cm/s 25 Sn=10000 cm/s
Sn=100000 cm/s
20
15
10
5
0
0.01
0.1
1
10
Lifetime [祍 ]
100 1000
taverage=953ms
acts like natural sunlight and provides investigation of carrier lifetime under working conditions.
In case of nitrid passivated silicon wafers bias light is necessary for compensating
- 电池生产中:
1. 进片检查 2. 工艺过程中的沾污控制 3. 每道工序后的检测: 磷扩散;氮化硅钝化;金属化等
2020/7/17
- 单晶生长及单晶硅片
2020/7/17
- 多晶浇铸及多晶硅片 - 带硅和薄膜电池
As cut wafer
Solar Cell
Block
Cut off
The generated minority carriers diffuse in the Si and recombine
IQE vs. lifetime
IQE
m-PCD
measured on the same wafer
l=980nm
51.0%
63.5%
2.6ms
4.3ms
2020/7/17
- 少子寿命对转化效率的影响
Effective lifetime has a direct influence on solar cell efficiency. If the effective lifetime is large enough than efficiency is larger for smaller surface recombination velocity (Sn).
crystalline sample performed by the WT-2000 system. Close correlation is shown in absolute
numbers and also in lateral distribution of IQE and lifetime values.
S1, S2:
d:
D:
两个表面的复合速率 样品厚度 扩散系数
样品表面钝化方法介绍
1、化学钝化-碘酒法
- HF (5%)+ HNO3(95%) 去除表面损伤层 - 样品如放置较长时间,需HF 去除表面自然氧化层 - 样品用碘酒(0.2-5%)浸泡在塑料袋中测试
2、电荷(Charge)钝化方法-采用高压放电,在样品表面均匀
2020/7/17
- μ-PCD法的测试原理
2020/7/17
- μ-PCD法的测试模型
Excitation pulse
200 ns Detected µw signal
V = V0 e-t/t
2020/7/17
teff: 有效寿命, 也是测试寿命 tbulk : 体寿命
tsd: 表面复合影响的寿命
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Efficiency=FF IscVoc / Plight
FF: fill factor ~ 0.75-0.85 Isc: short circuit current Voc: open circuit voltage Plight: luminous power
2020/7/17
- 少子寿命在电池生产中应用举例
2020/7/17
No
单点
Image 硅棒或硅片
- 在线检测设备
在线硅锭检测
皮带传动,在线硅片自动检测(分选) • 少子寿命 • 电阻率, 厚度(TTV), P/N型号 • 方块电阻
2020/7/17
谢谢! Thank You!
2020/7/17
- μ-PCD法
微波光电导衰减法(μ-PCD法)相对于其他方法,有如下特点: - 无接触、无损伤、快速测试 - 能够测试较低寿命 - 能够测试低电阻率的样品(最低可以测0.1ohmcm的样品) - 既可以测试硅锭、硅棒,也可以测试硅片或成品电池 - 样品没有经过钝化处理就可以直接测试 - 既可以测试P 型材料,也可以测试N 型材料 - 对测试样品的厚度没有严格的要求 - 该方法是最受市场接受的少子寿命测试方法
2020/7/17
- 少子寿命测试的方法
• 测量方法都包括非平衡载流子的注入和检测两个基本方面。最 常用的注入方法是光注入和电注入,而检测非平衡载流子的方 法很多,如探测电导率的变化,探测微波反射或透射信号的变 化等,这样组合就形成了许多寿命测试方法, 如: 直流光电导衰 减; 高频光电导衰减; 表面光电压; 微波光电导衰减等
- 量子效率和少子寿命的一致性
Correlation between IQE and Lifetime
The plot and the maps are originated from the IQE (internal quantum efficiency) results
based on LBIC and reflectance as well as frequency tuned m-PCD measurements on a single
As cut wafer 2.741us
Textured wafer 3.055us
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Nitrid Silicon Pass. 138.96us
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15% 5” poly 3.203us
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2020/7/17
Diffused wafer 9.738us
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• 对于不同的测试方法,测试结果可能会有出入,因为不同的注 入方法,厚度或表面状况的不同,探测和算法等也各不相同。 因此,少子寿命测试没有绝对的精度概念,也没有国际认定的 标准样片的标准,只有重复性,分辨率的概念。对于同一样品 ,不同测试方法之间需要作比对试验, 但比对结果并不理想
2020/7/17
Infrared light
penetration depth ~ 30 µm
0.23ms
Recombination center
Si Thickness 225 µm p-type
2020/7/17
Cut off
Ribbon Silicon
Microwave generator/detector head and antenna
覆盖可控电荷,从而抑制表面复合
3、热氧化法 – 样品表面生长高质量的氧化层钝化 4、Semilab PTC 法 - (Semilab Preface Treatment Chamber)
m-PCD
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taverage=14.6ms
m-PCD with
chemical surface passivation
trapping effects. Measurement of bulk lifetime is only possible with bias light due to surface damages introduced during nitride film deposition.
Lifetime measurement on nitrid coated samples
Charge-PCD