托福基础写作一、托福写作概述二、英汉两种语言的区别（一）、美国人与中国人思维方式的不同。
linear way of thinking（二）、英汉句子结构的特点。
英语重形和，重结构，汉语重意和, 重语义。
英语中常用复合句；汉语则常用短句，简单句。
10 Linking words cohesion1. conj.:1) and. but, or, so, while2) if, because, although,That, who, which, what, as---as more than, so--- that2. in this reason, in conclusion, for example3. however, unfortunately,Undeniably4. to make things worse5. generally speaking6. 同义词7. repetition8. this, it, that, those9. interesting to see10. what is more（三）英语多变化variety(diversity)，汉语多重复。
（四）英语被动句多。
汉语中主动句多。
三、中国学生写作最易犯的十大错误1. Nowadays, college student should learn competition and cooperation.2. The problem that is created by computers attract (draw, spark, captivate, intrigue, arouse, yield, give rise to) much attention.3. In present-day society, there are a great many young people go abroad.4. In my opinion, I think that smoking should be banned in public places.5. The computer can not instead the pivotal role played by teachers in education.6. Some people welcome raising pets, others hold different opinions.7. In large cities of China has many fast food shops.8. At college, we should learn as much knowledge as possible so that we can be well prepared for our future career.9. Some students are interested in play computer games.10. You really have two down sons.四、托福写作25分必备的100个意群词汇持某观点: claim ( assert, contendreckon deem share the belief that )支持某观点: advocate(maintain, welcome vote for side with be in favor of )反对某观点: contradict (oppose, object to, criticize, refute be against cast doubts on question, challenge)合理的：justified ( sensible feasible convincing hold water bear much analysis)好处：advantage (benefit, merit, positive(bright) side, upside, boon, pros, strength )弊端：disadvantage( harm, demerit, negative(dark) side, downside, bane, cons, weakness defect, flaw, drawback )肯定：undoubtedly (indeed undeniably there is no denying that)不确定：be likely to ( potentially presumably)重要的：essential (significant, vital, crucial, critical, fundamental, indispensable, pivotal)有益的：beneficial （conducive instrumental, rewarding ）有害的：detrimental （harmful virulent）有争议的：controversial (arguable, debatable disputable, contentious) 普遍的：widespread ( prevalent, universal, pervasive, ubiquitous )显著地：considerably (significantly, remarkably,Dramatically ,tremendously, substantially)明显的：evident (apparent, manifest，crystal-clear)16. 增强：enhance (strengthenboost)17. 减少：decline (descend, collapse, relieve)18. 大约：approximately（nearly, around, estimated, roughly）19. 趋势：trend（tendency, inclination）20. 预见：predict （expect, project）21. 带来bring about (result in, lead to)22. 引起create （spark ; yield;; give rise to）23. 建立establish （found, institute）24. 要求call for （request，demand）25. 去除eliminate（remove, eradicate）26. 探讨explore (examine, identify)27. 描绘depict (portray, illustrate)28. 后果consequence( aftermath; outcome)29. 足够adequate （enough; sufficient）30. 解决tackle ( resolve, address)31. 意识awareness(consciousness)32. 控制curb ( regulate, censor)33. 解释：account for （be responsible for）34. 投资finance (invest in, subsidize)35. 缓解relieve ( ease, alleviate)36. 压力stress ( pressure, strain)37. 和谐harmony ( concordance)38. 继承inherit (hand down)39. 培养cultivate （train, foster）40. 促进promote ( contribute to, upgrade)41. 适应adapt to (adjust to, acclimate to)42. 提供provide (render, afford)43. 替代replace (substitute, take the place of)44. 保护preserve (protect)45. 证据evidence (proof)46. 赢得gain (acquire, attain)47. 国外的foreign( alien, exotic)48. 灾难disaster (misfortune, catastrophe)49. 发展advance (progress)50. 倾向于tend to ( be inclined to , be apt to)51. 吸引attract (allure, tempt)52. 专注的be absorbed in(be immersed in, devote oneself to)53. 目的是aim at ( The purpose is )54. 实现achieve (fulfill, implement)55. 危害endanger ( threaten; jeopardize)56. 损害undermine (impair, damage)57. 阻碍hinder (obstruct, impede)58. 禁止forbid (ban, prohibit)59. 责备blame( denounce, criticize)60. 污染pollute (contaminate, stain)61. 腐蚀erode(wear away, corrode)62. 欺骗deceive (cheat, defraud)63. 冲突conflict ( shock, tension)64. 驱使prompt (spur, incite)贪婪的acquisitive(money-oriented，materialistic)自私的self-centered (selfish, inconsiderate)体谅的considerate (understanding, sympathetic) 冷漠的indifferent (apathetic, aloof)奢侈的wasteful (luxurious, extravagant)残忍的inhumane(brutal, barbaric)绝望的hopeless（despairing, desperate）过分的excessive (extravagant, exorbitant)激烈的intense (fierce, vigorous)严厉的stringent (rigorous, rigid)奇怪的eccentric (odd, peculiar)难以置信的unbelievable(incredulous, virtual)惊人的extraordinary (marvelous, spectacular)有抱负的ambitious（aggressive, aspirant）固有的inherent（nature, innate）稳定的steady (stable, constant)恶化worsen (aggravate, deteriorate)夸大exaggerate ( overstate)限制restrain (constrain, confine)拆除tear down（knock down, pull down）加速accelerate (speed up, precipitate)占优势predominate (dominate)分辨distinguish (differentiate, discern)抵消counteract (offset, cancel out)开展launch (conduct, carry out)颁布enact (enforce, promulgate )生活节奏pace of life(rhythm of life, tempo of life)影响influence(impact，pervade)差异difference (distinction, gap)交流communicate(exchange, associate)接触have access to （make contact with, keep in touch with）优先give priority to (put…into first place)节约economize ( conserve, cherish)参与participate in ( take part in, engage in)措施measure (step, action)注意beware ( prevent, guard against)五、“十大句式”在TOEFL写作考试中的应用是否非让它假装强调比较差（插）的原因？即：否：否定句；非：非限制性定语从句；让：让步句；它：it引导的句子；假：假设句；装：倒装句；强调：强调句；比较：比较句；差（插）：插入语；原因：原因句。