Gene therapy: A technique for correcting defective genes responsible for disease development
DNA microarray: An experimental tool for obtaining highthroughput gene expression data
Transcription: The process by which RNA is formed from DNA Nucleotide: The structural unit of nucleic acid
A Glossary of Genetics Terms
RT-PCR: Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction
Template: Macromolecular model for another macromolecule, as in the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template
Transgenic: Organism, such as a mouse, containing experimentally transferred genetic material from another organism, such as mammal Mutation: Abrupt change in the genotype of an organism that is not the result of recombination
Phenotype: The observable characters of an organism; the result of the way the genes are expressed
Genetic defect: Pathological changes that occur by duplication, deletion or rearrangement of DNA
A Glossary of Genetics Terms
Recombination: Formation in offspring of genetic combinations not present in parents Genotype: The genetic constitution of an individual
Stem cell: have the remarkable potential to develop into many different cell types in the body. Serving as a sort of repair system for the body, they can theoretically divide without limit to replenish other cells as long as the person or animal is still alive. When a stem cell divides, each new cell has the potential to either remain a stem cell or become another type of cell with a more specialized function, such as a muscle cell, a red blood cell, or a brain cell.
Making babies: Genn The department of Gastroenterology
Ren Ji Hospital
A Glossary of Genetics Terms
Gene: basic unit of inheritance for all living organisms
A Glossary of Genetics Terms
Nucleic acid: Large, chainlike molecule of phosphric acid, sugar and purine and pyrimidine bases Marker: Gene with a known location on a chromosome
Mapping the human genome---The Human Genome Project, completed in 2001
Discover the DNA structure
1953---James Watson/Francis Crick
Genome: Genetic endowment of a species Gene mapping: Determining location of genes on chromosome
Gene sequencing: Determining identity of genes from the distinctive order (sequence) of base pairs, such as A-T and G-C Chromosome: Threadlike structure in the nuclei of plant and animal cells; it carries the linearly arranged genetic units (genes)
Milestones of Genetics
Discover the double-helix structure of DNA---by James Watson and Francis Crick
Create the first recombinant DNA molecule---by Paul Berg