第一讲句子成分一、主语、谓语温故——考一考说出下列句子中画线部分的句子成分1．①Class ②begins at eight.答案：①主语②谓语2．①The_teachers ②are_having a meeting.答案：①主语②谓语3．At five o'clock, ①they ②left.答案：①主语②谓语4．①Put_up your hand if you ②have any questions.答案：①谓语②谓语5．①Smoking ②does harm to your health.答案：①主语②谓语6．There ①is ②a_pen on the desk.答案：①谓语②主语7．①Who ②teaches you maths, Xiao Hua?答案：①主语②谓语8．①This_story ②happened in London.答案：①主语②谓语9．①The_rich ②should_help the poor.答案：①主语②谓语10．This weekend, ①some_of_us ②are_going_to_have a picnic with the teachers.答案：①主语②谓语知新——讲一讲组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。
根据各个部分在句子中所起的作用分别称为主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。
其中主语和谓语是句子的主体。
1．主语(Subject)：主语是句子的主体部分，是说明的对象，是动作的执行者或发出者。
主语通常由名词、代词等充当(主语有时是动作的承受者，这时谓语应用被动语态)。
例如：The students are listening to me carefully.学生们在认真听我讲课。
They want to learn English well.他们想学好英语。
2．谓语(Predicate)：谓语用来表示主语的状态或行为动作。
(1)简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成，不管是什么时态、语态、语气。
例如：He practises running every morning.他每天早上练习跑步。
Don't play in the street.不要在街上玩。
He is doing his homework now.他现在正在做家庭作业。
(2)复合谓语：①由情态动词或某些其他助动词加不带to的动词不定式构成。
例如：You may keep the book for two weeks.这本书你可以借两周。
He had to stay at home.他不得不待在家里。
②由系动词加表语构成。
例如：We are students.我们是学生。
温故知新——练一练Ⅰ.指出下列句子中的主语和谓语(画线部分)1．①He ②has_become more and more interested in English.答案：①主语②谓语2．①The_living ②should_go_on_with his work.答案：①主语②谓语3．①He ②practises speaking English every morning.答案：①主语②谓语4．①The_child ②has_been_brought_up by his grandmother.答案：①主语②谓语5．①To_see ②is_to_believe.答案：①主语②谓语6．①It ②is_necessary ③to_help_him_out.答案：①形式主语②谓语③真正主语7．①He ②looked_after the children carefully.答案：①主语②谓语8．①Four_plus_four ②is_eight.9．①He ②can_speak English very well.答案：①主语②谓语10．①Playing_football in the street ②is_dangerous.答案：①主语②谓语Ⅱ.汉译英1．他昨天下午到达海南。
答案：Yesterday afternoon he reached Hainan.2．我们经常在课堂上说英语。
答案：We often speak English in class.3．掌握一门外语是有必要的。
答案：It is necessary to master a foreign language.4．张教授是著名的科学家。
答案：Professor Zhang is a famous scientist.5．我们打算今晚去拜访他。
答案：We are going to call on him tonight.二、宾语、表语温故——考一考说出下列句子中画线部分的句子成分1．They visited an_exhibition yesterday.答案：宾语2．The heavy rain prevented ①me from ②arriving_at_school_on_time.答案：①宾语②宾语3．How many ①dictionaries do you have? I have ②five.答案：①宾语②宾语4．I enjoy listening_to_pop_music.答案：宾语5．She looks unhappy today.答案：表语6．He often went hungry in the past.答案：表语7．His job is to_teach_English.答案：表语8．Time is ①up. The class is ②over.9．He remained in_poor_health all those years.答案：表语10．These apples taste sweet.答案：表语知新——讲一讲1．宾语(Object)：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词(短语)或介词后面。
例如：He is going to buy a dictionary.(动词的宾语)他打算买本词典。
We should learn from him.我们应向他学习。
(介词的宾语)宾语种类：(1)双宾语：间接宾语＋直接宾语，间接宾语一般指人，直接宾语一般指物。
例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.请把你的词典借给我用一用。
(2)复合宾语：宾语＋宾补。
例如：He asked me to come.他请我来的。
2．表语(Predicative)：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征或状态，它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem 等)之后。
表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、动词的-ing形式、不定式、介词短语、副词及从句充当。
例如：Is it yours？那是你的吗？The books are interesting.这些书很有趣。
I wasn't at home last night.昨晚我没在家。
The weather has turned cold.天气已变冷。
温故知新——练一练Ⅰ.指出下列句子中的宾语和表语(画线部分)1．His job is to_train_swimmers.答案：表语2．He seems interested in the plan.答案：表语3．He handed ①me ②the_newspaper.答案：①间接宾语②直接宾语4．The war was over.答案：表语5．The window is broken.答案：表语Ⅱ.汉译英1．我的爱好是画画。
答案：My hobby is painting.2．他好像知道真相。
答案：He seems to know the truth.3．他不喜欢这项工作。
答案：He doesn't like the job.4．我给你买了一些巧克力。
答案：I have bought you some chocolate.5．这工厂60%的工人是年轻人。
答案：60% of the workers in this factory are young.三、定语、状语、补语温故——考一考说出下列句子中画线部分的句子成分1．China is a ①developing country, while America is a ②developed country.答案：①定语②定语2．He is reading an article about_how_to_learn_English.答案：定语3．The boy ①who_is_shouting_there is ②her brother.答案：①定语②定语4．Light travels most_quickly.答案：状语5．He has lived in the city for_ten_years.答案：状语6．He goes to school by_bus.答案：状语7．①In_order_to_catch_up_with_the_others,_I must work ②harder.答案：①状语②状语8．Don't leave the window open.答案：宾补9．I heard him go_out.答案：宾补10．His father named him Dong_Ming.答案：宾补知新——讲一讲1．定语：(Attribute)：定语起修饰限制名词或代词的作用。
一般由形容词性物主代词、数词、形容词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词(短语)或句子充当。
例如：Dalian is a beautiful city.大连是一个美丽的城市。
The girl with glasses is diligent.戴眼镜的女孩很勤奋。
The man standing there is our teacher.站在那里的那人是我们的老师。
Is there any difference between spoken English and written English?英语口语和书面语之间有什么不同吗？I have a lot of homework to do.我有许多作业要做。
2．状语(Adverbial)：状语用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征。
可表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、方式、伴随、条件、程度、让步、频率等，一般由副词、介词短语、动词不定式，动词的-ing形式或从句充当。
例如：I'm very pleased to see you.见到你我非常高兴。
I'll be back in a while.我一会儿就回来。