非谓语动词一．动词不定式1.动词不定式的构成：to + 动词原形（这里的to是不定式符号，本身无词义）否定：not+ (to +) 动词原形1.to do 作主语常用it 作形式主语例：To learn English well is useful.→ It is useful（for us）to learn English well.注意：在kind, good, nice, clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of.2.一些表示命令，打算或希望的动词后只接动词不定式作宾语：would like, like（想要）, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, except等。

例：Would you like too see a film this evening?3.在find, think后跟动词不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。

例：I find it easy to read English every day.4.常见的一些不带to 的动词不定式作宾语Why not do ……, why don’t you do…, had better (not) do…, would rater do…, could/ would/ will you please (not) do…例：I would rather stay in the room.5.一些使役动词和感官动词用不定式作宾语，但to要省略。

一感（fell）、二听（hear, listen to）、三让（let/ make/ let）、四看（look at, see, watch, notice）、五帮助（help）,但变为被动语态是必须加上to.例：My friends were made to work the whole night by the boss.6.不定式常和疑问词what,which,when,where,how连用，相当于一个宾语从句。

二．动名词1.动名词的构成：动词原形+-ing2.动名词的句法功能常跟动名词作宾语的词：完成实践值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy）继续习惯别放弃（keep on, be used to, give up）考虑建议不禁想（consider, suggest, can’t help, feel like）喜欢思念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind）三．分词1.构成：动词+ -ing动词+ -ed四．易混清单1.动词后接不定式和动名词的区别stop to do sth. 停下来去做stop doing sth. 停止做remember to do sth. 记住要做某事（动作未发生）remember doing sth. 记得曾经做过某事（动作已发生）forget to do sth. 忘记做某事（动作未发生）Forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事（动作已发生）try to do sth. 努力去做某事Try doing sth. 试着去做某事go on to do sth. 做完一件事，接着去做另一件事go on doing sth. 继续不停地做某事allow doing sth. 允许做某事allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事regret to do sth. 对要做的事感到遗憾（未做）Regret doing sth. 对做过的事感到遗憾，后悔（已做）mean to do sth. 打算，想做某事mean doing sth. 意味着做某事二．现在分词和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别我们常见的动词有see, watch, notice, hear, feel, have等，它们接不带to的动词不定式作宾补，表示已经完成了的经常性的动作；接现在分词做宾补，表示动作正在进行着。

例：I heard him singing in the classroom. (“唱”这个动作正在进行)I heard him sing in the classroom. (“唱”这个动作已经结束)三．Need, require, want 做“需要”解时，后加动名词主动式等于加不定式的被动式。

例：The window needs cleaning.→The window needs to be cleaned.want to be done=want doingneed to be done=need doingrequire to be done=require doing四．现在分词与过去分词的区别1.在语态上，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动（修饰人用-ed，修饰物用-ing）。

例：the surprising news 令人惊讶的消息a surprised man 一个感到惊讶的人2. 在时间上，现在分词表示正在进行的动作，过去分词表示已近完成的动作。

例：the developing country 发展中国家the developed country 发达国家五．注意下列“to”是介词，不是动词不定式。

make (a) contribution(s) to 为……作贡献devote to 献身，致力于……look forward to 期盼，盼望prefer ……to……两者间更喜欢……be used to …习惯…….;适应……1.Granny often tells us ______ water in our daily life.A. saveB. savingC. to saveD. saves2.Richard turned off the computer after he had finished ______the email.A. writeB. to writeC. writingD. wrote3.Before going to the History Museum, our teacher told us ______ the public rules.A. obeyB. to obeyC. obeyingD. obeyed4.James, I’m too tired. Let’s stop ______ a rest.A. havingB. haveC. to havingD. to have5.—We can use QQ to chat with other on the Internet.—Really? Will you please show me ______it?A. how to useB. what to useC. how can I useD. what can I use6.—Where’s your brother now, Bob?—I saw him ______in the street a moment ago and I told him ______.A. playing; don’t do soB. playing; not do soC. play; to do so7.—Hi, Steve! Our teachers told us______ an electric bike. It’s too dangerous.—I’m sorry. I won’t do it again.A. to rideB. not rideC. not to ride8.As teenagers, we’re old enough ______ with housework. We can help set the table, wash thedishes and clean our own rooms.A. to helpB. helpingC. helped9.—Mary dances best in our school.—I agree. I’ll never forget ______ her dance for the first time.A. seeingB. to seeC. seeD. seen10.Chinese athletes did a great job in the Winter Olympics in Canada. It can encouragepost-90s(90后)________.A. work hardB. worked harderC. working harderD. to work hard11.Don’t forget ____ an umbrella _____you. It’s going to rain.A. to take; toB. taking; toC. to take; withD. taking; with12.Nancy is really a hard –working student. We often see her ______ books in the classroom.A. readB. to readC. reads13.—Are you going to the party______ at Smith’s home this evening?—I will if I am free.A. holdingB. heldC. to holdD. to be held14.Mrs. Smith made her students ______ the compositions three times a week.A. writeB. to writeC. writtenD. writing15.Danny did all kinds of things to make the baby ______.A. to stop cryingB. stop cryingC. to stop to cryD. stop to cry16.We have two rooms _____, but I can’t decide ______.A. to live; to choose which oneB. lived; choose which oneC. to lived in; which one to choseD. live; which one17.The teacher told the students ______ any food into the computer room.A. not to bringB. not bringC. don’t bringD. bring not18.At least 300 million people are using QQ ______ by Ma Huateng to chat on line.A. creatB. createsC. creatingD. created19.The teacher asked Ben ______ a difficult question in class.A. answerB. answeringC. to answerD. answered20.You’d better ______ too much time playing computer games.A. don’t spendB. not to spendC. to not spendD. not spend21.More and more young people are trying to do something ______ the old.A. servedB. to serveC. serveD. serves22. —Is Jack in the library?—Maybe. I saw him _____ out with some books just now.A. goingB. goC. to goD. went23—Dad, why should I stop ______ computer games?—For your health, my boy, I’m afraid you_______.A. to play; mustB. playing; have toC. to play; canD. playing; may24. —Have you seen the TV play My Ugly Mother?—Yes, it’s well worth ______. It’s ______ moving that I’ve seen it twice.A. seeing; tooB. to see; enoughC. seeing; soD. to see; such25. Why not ______ your teacher for help when you can’t finish ______ it by yourself?A. ask; writeB. to ask; writingC. ask; writingD. asking; writing26. If people _____ cutting down the forest, they will have nowhere________.A. keep; to live inB. will keep; to live inC. keep; to liveD. will keep; to live27. His parents often encourage him ______ hard.A. workB. workingC. to workD. works28. Last week I met my old friend Li Ming but I forgot _______ him for his telephone number.A. askB. askingC. and askD. to ask29. Last weekend I went to the library _______ some books on how to protect environment.A. to borrowB. borrowC. borrowedD. borrowing30. —How do you feel when you watch the national flag go up?—It makes me ______ very proud.A. feltB. to feelC. feelingD. feel31. The boy promised _______ late for school again.A. to not beB. not to beC. not beingD. being not32. It’s very nice______ pictures for me.A. of you do drawB. for you to drawC. for you drawingD. of you drawing33. China will spend about 52 billion yuan ______ new airports and ______ old ones in the west of China in the 11th Five – Year Plan period. (时期)A. repairing; buildingB. to build; repairC. building; repairingD. to repair; build34. There are so many kinds of pens here. I can’t decide ______.A. when to chooseB. to choose whichC. which one to choose35. —What about playing football this afternoon, Sam?—I would rather ______ at home than ______ football. it’s too hot outside.A. stay; playingB. stay; playC. to stay; to playD. to stay; playing36. It took Li Ming an hour _____ his bike yesterdayA.to repairB. repairingC. repairedD. repair37. It’s important _______ the piano well.A. of him to playB. for him to playC. of him playingD. for him playing38. My job is _______ you Japanese.A. to teachB. teachC. teachesD. taught39. The doctor _______ a ______ boy yesterday.A. had saved; dyingB. saved; deadC. has saved; deadD. saved; dying40. Would you mind ______me how ______ English words?A. tell; to rememberB. telling; rememberC.telling; to rememberD. tell; remember 答案：1—5 CCBDA 6—10 BCAAD 11—15 CADAB 16—20CADCD 21—25 BBBCC 26—30 CCDAD 31—35 BACCB 36—40ABADC。