S U第十一讲非谓语动词［罢®—助力语法填空］髙賢真题威悟］单句语法填空（2015•新课标全国卷I语法填空）Abercrombie & Kent，travel company in Hong Kong, says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people living (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong. 2.（2015•新课标全国卷II语法填空）The adobe dwellings （土坯房）built （build） by the Pueblo Indians of the AmericanSouthwest are admired by even the most modern of architects and engineers.3.（2015*新课标全国卷II语法填空）In addition to theirsimple beauty，what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to u air condition" a house without using （use） electric equipment.4.（2015*新课标全国卷II语法填空）When a new day breaks, thewalls have given up their heat and are now cold enough t° sol（cool） the house during the hot day; at the same time,they warm up again for the night.(2015•广东高考语法填空)Since the plants took a while to grow 9 he started cutting down trees to sell (sell) the wood.(2014•新课标全国卷 II 语法填空)One morning, I was waiting at the bus stop ，worried about being (be) late for school.(2014-新课标全国卷 II 语法填空)1 heard a passenger behindshouting to the driver^ but he refused to stop (stop) (ride). He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting.5.6.7. meuntil we reached the next stop.8. (2014•新课标全国卷 II 语法填空)Still ，the boy kept riding一、非谓语动词的形式及意义 非谓语动词主动语态被动语态意义不定式的动作与句中 谓语动词的动作同时 发生一般式 to doto bedone不定式的动作与句中 谓语动词的动作同时 发生或在其后发生 完成式to have doneto havebeen done不定式的动作发生在 句中谓语动词的动作 之前进行式to be doing非谓语动词主动语态被动语态意义现在分名词过去分词一般式完成式doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生，或几乎同时发生其表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生done与句中主语为逻辑上的被动关系，表完成①I have a lot of reading to complete before the end of this term.本学期结束前，我有大量的阅读任务要完成。
②Charles Babbage is generally considered to have invented the first computer.人们一致认为查尔斯•巴贝奇发明了第一台计算机。
③No harm seems to have been done.似乎并没有造成伤害。
@Do you mind being interrupted while studying? 你介意学习时被打扰吗？©Having been ignored for a long time, the boy sitting atthe back felt bored and went out.因长时间被忽视，这个男孩坐在后面感到枯燥就出去了。
©Given enough time, we are sure to do it well.如果给予我们足够的时间，我们一定能做好。
二、非谓语动词的用法（一）非谓语动词作状语的用法1.不定式作状语⑴作目的状语不定式作目的状语意为“为了”，可以单独放在句首、句中或句末。
如果强调目的性，不定式前也可加in order或so as,但so as to不能用于句首。
①To pass the college entrance exam, we must work hard.为了通过大学入学考试，我们必须努力学习。
②The bus stopped in order to/so as to pick up passengers^公共汽车停下来以便接载乘客O(2)作结果状语不定式作结果状语常表示令人意外的结果。
Tom took a taxi to the airport, only to find his plane high up in the sky.汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已飞入高空。
（3）作原因状语①常用于“主语（人）+系动词+形容词（过去分词）+ to do”结构中。
形容词或过去分词作表语时，后可接不定式作原因状语,用以说明产生这种情绪的原因或所表示的情况，常用于这类结构中的形容词和过去分词有soiry，surprised, disappointed, excited, glad, happy, anxious, delighted, pleased, foolish等。
We were astonished to find the temple still in its original condition.令我们吃惊的是，这座寺庙仍保持着最初的样子。
②常用于“主语（物）+系动词+形容词+todo”结构中。
这类形容词有：easy, difficult, hard^ cheap, expensive, fit, comfortable, heavy, good, important, impossible, dangerous 等，表示主语的特征或性质，不定式和句子主语之间存在被动关系，但常用主动形式表示被动意义。
The morning air is so good to breathe that he gets up early every day.早上的空气呼吸起来很清新，因此他每天都起得很早。
2.分词作状语分词包括现在分词和过去分词，现在分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是主动关系，且含有进行的意义；过去分词表示的动作与句子主语之间是被动关系，且含有完成的意义。
⑴作时间状语相当于when, while, before, since, as引导的时间状语从句。
Translated into English, the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.=When the sentence was translated into English, it was found to have an entirely different order.被译成英语后，我们发现这个句子有了一个完全不同的语序。
(2)作原因状语相当于because, since, as引导的原因状语从句。
①Not understanding this problem，he asked the teacher aboutit.=Because he didn' t understand this problem, he asked the teacher about it.因为不理解这个问题，他问了老师。
②Defeated by his deskmate, he felt discouraged.=Because he was defeated by his deskmate, he felt discouraged.由于被同桌打败了，他感到气馁。
(3)作条件状语相当于if，unless等引导的条件状语从句。
Given another hour, I can also work out this problem. =If I’ m given another hour, I can also work out theproblem.如果再给我一个小时，我也能解决这个问题。
(4)作结果状语常用现在分词表示自然而然的结果，分词前可接thus oMore highways have been built in China, making itmuch easier for people to travel from one place to anothen 中国又建了很多高速公路，这使人们的出行变得更容易了。
(5)作方式或伴随状语表示一个同时发生的次要的(或者伴随的)动作，常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开，相当于并列句。
One evening Harry phoned me，asking me to come to his flat assoon as possible.=One evening Harry phoned me, and he asked me to come to his flat as soon as possible.一天晚上哈里给我打电话，要求我尽快去他的公寓。
(6)作让步状语相当于though, although, even if等引导的让步状语从句。
Warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.=Though he was warned of the danger, he still went skating on the thin ice.虽然被警告危险，他仍旧在薄冰上滑冰。