新概念英语第三册第30课第⑦句第三段词汇句型语法解析及翻译第⑦句⑦The only other people who knew the secret were Joe and Bert. 除此之外，只有乔与鲍知道这个秘密。

句子结构分析:注意，句子only的意思不是说“只有一个人”，而表示“仅仅”。

Who引导定语从句修饰the only other people，此处的先行词people由关系代词WHO 来修饰的一般不可以用that来代替。

这个语法知识点是词句，乃至全课文里最后语法点，请研读感悟以下分析:关于定语从句中先行词由only修饰其关系代词选用的几种情况:1.如果the only修饰的先行词是物，事情，切记定语从句的关系代词必须是that 来引导，而不能用which。

2.the only + 先行词其后所接的定语从句用什么关系代词来引导定语从句，通常有一个误区。

有的老师简单的告诉学生，只要先行词是被the only修饰的，一概要用that关系代词，这种说法是不完全对的。

3.正确的说法是，当受定语从句修饰的先行词指人，且受到the only修饰时，定语从句用who关系代词来引导是比较正式的。

当受定语从句修饰的先行词指人，且受到the only修饰时，定语从句通常必须用关系代词who来引导的几种情况：He’s the only one who I know. 他是唯一我认识的人。

Ha Wen is the only person who can do this kind of survey. 哈文是唯一会做这种问卷调查的人。

I’m the only one who’s gone to a public high school. 我是惟一上过公立中学的人。

（《薄冰高级英语语法》）Sally is the only person in our class who dares (to) answer Miss Thompson back. 在我们班上，只有萨利一个人敢和汤普森小姐顶嘴。

（《朗文英语语法》）不过，当受定语从句修饰的先行词指人，且受到the only修饰时，有时也可在用关系代词that来引导定语从句（但远不如用who普通）。

如：He’s the only man that can do it. （张道真《现代英语用法词典》）only修饰先行词定语从句中用who不用that的情况:1) 当先行词是people 或是表示人的集体名词时①The only other people who knew the secret were Joe and Bert. 除此之外，只有乔与鲍知道这个秘密。

新概念英语第三册第30课，课文第三段词汇句型语法解析及翻译第⑦句②An interactive product should show interest in the people who use it. 一款互动的产品应该展现出对用户的兴趣。

The crew who were all asleep forgot to put off a lantern. 已入睡的船员全部忘了吹熄提灯。

2) 当先行词为指示代词those，或先行词是those所修饰的人时This film directed by the famous director is dedicated to those who died in the war. 这部由著名导演执导的电影是献给那些在战争中死去的人。

She is one of those women who always make troubles. 她是那些老是制造麻烦的女人之一。

3) 当表示人的先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时①He is the third man who witnessed the murder. 他是这起谋杀案的第三个见证者。

②They were the first who were there. 他们是去那里的第一批人。

4) 当先行词为人称代词he, she, they 或one(s), anyone, nobody 等时①He who plays a trick must be prepared to take a joke. 玩花招的人必定会受到戏弄。

②The ones who refuse to reform should be punished as required by law. 拒绝改革的人应依法受到惩罚。

③It was she who first introduced me to the pleasures of wine-tasting. 是她第一个让我领略到品酒的乐趣。

④There is nobody who has no shortcomings. 没有缺点的人是没有的。

5) 当先行词与定语从句被其他句子成分隔开时。

（更多这样的例子可见隔离定语从句一文)He is the only doctor in this hospital who I trust. 他是这家医院里我唯一信得过的医生。

6）当关系代词在从句中作主语，修饰表示人的先行词，且与谓语动词被分隔开时He was a man who, if had been properly supported, would have worked wonders. 他是一个本该创造出奇迹的人，如果当时给予适应的支持的话。

7) 当表示人的先行词由两个定语从句重叠修饰时(即双重定语从句)，第二个定语从句只能用who/whom引导，而不能用that。

而且第二个定语从句的引导词不能被省略。

The only person I know who has a skeleton in the cupboard is George. 我所认识的唯一的在柜中藏骷嵝的人便是乔治。

第三段词汇句型语法解析及翻译第⑧句⑧They did not even tell their wives. 但他俩连自己的妻子都没告诉。

wife的复数变化是不规则的，一般来说是以f或fe结尾的名词变复数，先把f 或fe变为V再加ES。

以f或fe结尾的，把f或者fe变成v,再加es。

例如，wife-wives,knife-knives,等。

随着学习的深入都会遇到，我们又会遇到很多以f或fe结尾的名词，直接加了s，例如chief-chiefs(首领)，gulf-gulfs(海湾)，等等。

这就给我们的学习造成了困惑，有时造成混淆。

1.以f或fe结尾的，把f或者fe变成v,再加es妻子wife-wives，2.刀子knife-knives，3.狼wolf-wolves，4.小偷thief-thives，5.架子shelf-shelves，6.半，一般half-halves，7.树叶leaf-leaves，8.自己self-selves，9，生命life-lives。

2. 在f或fe后面直接加s的词有:gulf—gulfs（海湾）roof—roofs（屋顶）chief-chiefs（首领）serf-serf（农奴）safe→safes（保险箱）belief→beliefs （信仰）proof-proofs（证据）handkerchief（handkerchiefs）（手绢、手帕）。

注意: handkerchief等几个词，变复数时两种形式都可以。

第三段词汇句型语法解析及翻译第⑨-⑩句⑨When their father died, they thought it their duty to keep Eric in hiding. ⑩All these years, Eric had lived as a recluse（隐遁者, 寂寞者）. 父亲死后，他们兄弟俩认为有责任继续把埃里克藏起来。

这些年来，埃里克过着隐士生活。

词法解析:A. live as 作为……生活,live as 像···一样活着，像..... 一样生活1.The kind of people live as a parasite on society.这类人像寄生虫似的靠社会为生。

2.Tigers will live as a family if they have babies. 如果老虎生了虎崽，就生活在一个家庭里。

3.Live as a family until baby tigers are 2-3 years old. 像一家人一样生活在一起直到小老虎2 - 3岁。

注意与live by,live on的区别live by以……为生；靠……为生；靠……生活live on以.... 为主食From childhood , she tried to live by the teachings of her parents and gradually accumulated a set of standards of conduct .她从小就努力按照父母的教导去生活，形成了一整套为人处事的行为准则。

2.They refused to live by his law.不肯照他的规则行事。

3.In the light of this statement, teachers live by selling knowledge,and philosophers by selling wisdom.根据这种说法，教师靠卖知识为生，哲学家靠卖智慧为生。

B. recluse [ri'klu:s] n.隐士means a person who lives alone and avoids going outside or talking to other people 隐居者；喜欢独处的人He is a millionaire recluse who refuses to give interviews. 他是个喜欢独处的百万富翁，不接受别人的采访。

reclusive adj. 隐遁的,隐居的,避世隐居,幽寂的North Korea's reclusive leader Kim Jong-il is thought to be ill and trying to ensure the succession of his youngest son. 人们认为Korea隐居的leader,Kim病了，并且正努力确保他小儿子的继承权。

句法结构分析句⑨When their father died, they thought it their duty to keep Eric in hiding.是一个主从复合句，when引导时间状语从句。