新概念英语第三册第30课第⑦句第三段词汇句型语法解析及翻译第⑦句⑦The only other people who knew the secret were Joe and Bert. 除此之外,只有乔与鲍知道这个秘密。
句子结构分析:注意,句子only的意思不是说“只有一个人”,而表示“仅仅”。
Who引导定语从句修饰the only other people,此处的先行词people由关系代词WHO 来修饰的一般不可以用that来代替。
这个语法知识点是词句,乃至全课文里最后语法点,请研读感悟以下分析:关于定语从句中先行词由only修饰其关系代词选用的几种情况:1.如果the only修饰的先行词是物,事情,切记定语从句的关系代词必须是that 来引导,而不能用which。
2.the only + 先行词其后所接的定语从句用什么关系代词来引导定语从句,通常有一个误区。
有的老师简单的告诉学生,只要先行词是被the only修饰的,一概要用that关系代词,这种说法是不完全对的。
3.正确的说法是,当受定语从句修饰的先行词指人,且受到the only修饰时,定语从句用who关系代词来引导是比较正式的。
当受定语从句修饰的先行词指人,且受到the only修饰时,定语从句通常必须用关系代词who来引导的几种情况:He’s the only one who I know. 他是唯一我认识的人。
Ha Wen is the only person who can do this kind of survey. 哈文是唯一会做这种问卷调查的人。
I’m the only one who’s gone to a public high school. 我是惟一上过公立中学的人。
(《薄冰高级英语语法》)Sally is the only person in our class who dares (to) answer Miss Thompson back. 在我们班上,只有萨利一个人敢和汤普森小姐顶嘴。
(《朗文英语语法》)不过,当受定语从句修饰的先行词指人,且受到the only修饰时,有时也可在用关系代词that来引导定语从句(但远不如用who普通)。
如:He’s the only man that can do it. (张道真《现代英语用法词典》)only修饰先行词定语从句中用who不用that的情况:1) 当先行词是people 或是表示人的集体名词时①The only other people who knew the secret were Joe and Bert. 除此之外,只有乔与鲍知道这个秘密。
新概念英语第三册第30课,课文第三段词汇句型语法解析及翻译第⑦句②An interactive product should show interest in the people who use it. 一款互动的产品应该展现出对用户的兴趣。
The crew who were all asleep forgot to put off a lantern. 已入睡的船员全部忘了吹熄提灯。
2) 当先行词为指示代词those,或先行词是those所修饰的人时This film directed by the famous director is dedicated to those who died in the war. 这部由著名导演执导的电影是献给那些在战争中死去的人。
She is one of those women who always make troubles. 她是那些老是制造麻烦的女人之一。
3) 当表示人的先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时①He is the third man who witnessed the murder. 他是这起谋杀案的第三个见证者。
②They were the first who were there. 他们是去那里的第一批人。
4) 当先行词为人称代词he, she, they 或one(s), anyone, nobody 等时①He who plays a trick must be prepared to take a joke. 玩花招的人必定会受到戏弄。
②The ones who refuse to reform should be punished as required by law. 拒绝改革的人应依法受到惩罚。
③It was she who first introduced me to the pleasures of wine-tasting. 是她第一个让我领略到品酒的乐趣。
④There is nobody who has no shortcomings. 没有缺点的人是没有的。
5) 当先行词与定语从句被其他句子成分隔开时。
(更多这样的例子可见隔离定语从句一文)He is the only doctor in this hospital who I trust. 他是这家医院里我唯一信得过的医生。
6)当关系代词在从句中作主语,修饰表示人的先行词,且与谓语动词被分隔开时He was a man who, if had been properly supported, would have worked wonders. 他是一个本该创造出奇迹的人,如果当时给予适应的支持的话。
7) 当表示人的先行词由两个定语从句重叠修饰时(即双重定语从句),第二个定语从句只能用who/whom引导,而不能用that。
而且第二个定语从句的引导词不能被省略。
The only person I know who has a skeleton in the cupboard is George. 我所认识的唯一的在柜中藏骷嵝的人便是乔治。
第三段词汇句型语法解析及翻译第⑧句⑧They did not even tell their wives. 但他俩连自己的妻子都没告诉。
wife的复数变化是不规则的,一般来说是以f或fe结尾的名词变复数,先把f 或fe变为V再加ES。
以f或fe结尾的,把f或者fe变成v,再加es。
例如,wife-wives,knife-knives,等。
随着学习的深入都会遇到,我们又会遇到很多以f或fe结尾的名词,直接加了s,例如chief-chiefs(首领),gulf-gulfs(海湾),等等。
这就给我们的学习造成了困惑,有时造成混淆。
1.以f或fe结尾的,把f或者fe变成v,再加es妻子wife-wives,2.刀子knife-knives,3.狼wolf-wolves,4.小偷thief-thives,5.架子shelf-shelves,6.半,一般half-halves,7.树叶leaf-leaves,8.自己self-selves,9,生命life-lives。
2. 在f或fe后面直接加s的词有:gulf—gulfs(海湾)roof—roofs(屋顶)chief-chiefs(首领)serf-serf(农奴)safe→safes(保险箱)belief→beliefs (信仰)proof-proofs(证据)handkerchief(handkerchiefs)(手绢、手帕)。
注意: handkerchief等几个词,变复数时两种形式都可以。
第三段词汇句型语法解析及翻译第⑨-⑩句⑨When their father died, they thought it their duty to keep Eric in hiding. ⑩All these years, Eric had lived as a recluse(隐遁者, 寂寞者). 父亲死后,他们兄弟俩认为有责任继续把埃里克藏起来。
这些年来,埃里克过着隐士生活。
词法解析:A. live as 作为……生活,live as 像···一样活着,像..... 一样生活1.The kind of people live as a parasite on society.这类人像寄生虫似的靠社会为生。
2.Tigers will live as a family if they have babies. 如果老虎生了虎崽,就生活在一个家庭里。
3.Live as a family until baby tigers are 2-3 years old. 像一家人一样生活在一起直到小老虎2 - 3岁。
注意与live by,live on的区别live by以……为生;靠……为生;靠……生活live on以.... 为主食From childhood , she tried to live by the teachings of her parents and gradually accumulated a set of standards of conduct .她从小就努力按照父母的教导去生活,形成了一整套为人处事的行为准则。
2.They refused to live by his law.不肯照他的规则行事。
3.In the light of this statement, teachers live by selling knowledge,and philosophers by selling wisdom.根据这种说法,教师靠卖知识为生,哲学家靠卖智慧为生。
B. recluse [ri'klu:s] n.隐士means a person who lives alone and avoids going outside or talking to other people 隐居者;喜欢独处的人He is a millionaire recluse who refuses to give interviews. 他是个喜欢独处的百万富翁,不接受别人的采访。
reclusive adj. 隐遁的,隐居的,避世隐居,幽寂的North Korea's reclusive leader Kim Jong-il is thought to be ill and trying to ensure the succession of his youngest son. 人们认为Korea隐居的leader,Kim病了,并且正努力确保他小儿子的继承权。
句法结构分析句⑨When their father died, they thought it their duty to keep Eric in hiding.是一个主从复合句,when引导时间状语从句。