Language structuresThis part is focused on:the adverbial clause of purposethe adverbial clause of resultthe adverbial clause of concessionthe adverbial clause of comparisonthe adverbial clause of timethe adverbial clause of mannerthe adverbial clause of reason1. vaccinate 注射疫苗vaccinate sb. against 给某人接种疫苗以防止protect sb against…保护…不得（…疾病）2. smallpox 天花V accination immunizes people against smallpox种牛痘能使人免患天花。
3. Rialto 纽约百老汇戏院区; 大城市剧院区4. Keep fit5. prize-awarding ceremony6. Luggage van7. Injection8. Student representative9. awful-indistinct-clear; (English conversation tape)dreadful-boring-interesting; (film)horrible-unpleasant-enjoyable (pop music tape)10. Be bound to do…11. intent upon/on doing sth. 对某事专心致志; 一心一意要做某事be intent upon/on sth. 对某事专心致志; 一心一意要做某事of intent 有意地, 蓄意地to all intents and purposes (=to all intents; to all intent and purpose) 在各个主要方面, 无论从哪一点来看，实际上, 事实上, 实质上12. understand…thoroughly.Dialogue 1New words and expressions1. be concerned about / for …--Naturally we were concerned for him when we heard of the accident.--They appeared completely unconcerned about what they had done.--be much concerned about2. interfere viinterfere in / with--interfere in sb.'s private affairs--If you had not interfered, I should have finished my work by now.--Come on Sunday if nothing interferes.--Don't interfere with him.--Sedentary habits often interfere with health.Word family:interferefering adj.interferer n.3 relieve v. lessen (pain, anxiety, or trouble)---We were relieved to hear that she was out of danger.---The doctors did their best to bring relief to the patient.Comparison: relieve releaserelieve 减轻,除去(痛苦). 指暂时的而不是永久地解除.常与of连用.release释放,解除.指从某种束缚或是痛苦中解放出来,常与from连用.e.g.---You’d better relieve your wife of her housework.---They decided to release the bird from his cage.4. pleading adj. begging.恳求的，请求的plead vi. 恳求；请求--She wept and pleaded until he agreed to do as she wished.--She pleaded for more time to pay.plead vt. 申诉；为…辩护--He had a good lawyer to plead his case.--He pleaded that he was not guilty.Word family: pleadable adj.plead against 反驳; 劝人不要...plead with 向...恳求comparison: plead begplead普通用语，表示“急切地恳求”。
在任何情况下都强调迫切性，更常作为法律用语，指律师或当事人在法庭上的辩护。
beg非正式用语，表示“请求，诚意而谦恭的请求”。
e.g.---The defense attorney pleaded not guilty.---He begged me to think about his offer.5. moan v. make the sound of pain or grief; complain annoyingly, esp. in a discontented voice.e.g.---The sick child moaned a little and then fell asleep.---The wind moaned round the house all night.---She’s always moaning that she has too much work to do.comparison: moan, sigh, sob, groan这几个词作为动词时，可以指由于精神上，生理上的压力或痛苦而发出含糊不清的声音；作为名词时，他们表示这类声音。
moan表示由于身心的强烈痛苦而呻吟，呜咽。
sigh因为悲伤，懊悔，消沉等原因而不由自主地叹息。
sob啜泣，抽噎，呜咽着说。
groan表示反对时发出的哼哼声或是物体移动时发出的嘎吱声。
e.g.---He moaned with pain before losing consciousness.---Angela sighed with disappointment when she was told that she had not got the job.--- “I cannot find my mother,” sobbed the child.---Susan looked at the untidy room and gave a groan of dismay.6. strokeA forehand tennis stroke.Any stroke is allowed.She arrived on the stroke of six.He is suffered from a stroke.7. surgical. adj. 外科(医术)的; 外科用的, 外科手术的surgical pathology 外科病理学a surgical operation 外科手术surgeon-physicianinternal medicine-surgical department8. preliminary a. coming firste.g.---Our team got beaten in the preliminary rounds of the competition.--The students take a preliminary test in March, and the main exam in July.9. CAAC (Civil Aviation Administration of China) 中国民用航空局10. accommodation n. (pl. AmE) lodging, food, and services; house, flat, hotel room.膳宿供应，接待，房屋，旅馆房间等。
e.g.---There is a shortage of accommodation.collection---hotel accommodation---tourist accommodations on a boat---the cost of accommodationword family: accommodate v. 给…提供膳宿11. confirm v. give support or certainty to (a fact, statement, belief)e.g.---The expression on her face confirmed our worst fears.---The President refused to either confirm or deny this rumor.comparison: confirm, prove, testify demonstrate, verifyconfirm对已知情况进行核实或确认.prove一般用语，表示经过一段时间或经历“证实”某情况的真伪。
可以接名词或名词性从句做宾语，也可以和形容词性的不定式短语连用。
testify庄严地证实某事的真实性。
常用于在法庭上作见证。
demonstrate论证，证明。
用推理，举例，试验等形式来论证定理，命题等的真实性。
verify证实，核实，特意努力证实某件事的真实性。
---I have accepted the job over the phone, but I haven’t confirmed in writing yet.---The report proved (to be) false.---No one expected him to testify against his former employer.---Scientists have demonstrated that there’s no life on the moon.---The reports are not sent out until they are verified.12. rare a. unusual, uncommon.e.g.---One of my uncle’s hobbies is collecting rare book.---It’s rare for him to be late.word family: rarity n. 罕见，珍稀之物，罕见事。