ture
• Clause (sentence) element • Basic clause types and their transformation and expansion.
Clause (sentence) element
• A clause /simple sentence is structurally a sequence of phrases and logically a construction of “S+P”.
(special question, general question, tag question, alternative question)
• • • •
affirmative negative active passive cleft sentence direct speech indirect speech
Expansion
• The basic clause types and their variants can also be expanded into larger grammatical units through adding modifiers at various levels these larger unit can again be expanded through coordination and subordination into compound, complex and compound-complex sentences.
Two ways of sentence analysis
One way is divide the predicate into verb, objects, complement and adverbial. These elements together with the subject make the five clause elements.
Clause (sentence) element
• Subject and predicate: a full sentence can generally be divided into two parts: subject and predicate
Clause (sentence) element
Transformation & expansion of basic types
• Sentence types and their transformation • Expansion
Sentence types and their transformation
• statement question
Two ways of sentence analysis
Eg. Subject
NP Det. N
Sentence Clause Predicate
Operator Aux. V Predication O/C A NP Adv Det. N
Basic clause types
• • • • • • • SVC SV SVA SVO SVOA SVOC SVOO
• Subject: the topic or theme of the sentence, generally realized by a noun phrase or an equivalent of noun phrase. • Predicate: tells something about the subject and bears the new information which the speaker or writer wants to translate to the listeners or readers, generally consisting of a verb phrase with or without complementation.
Expansion
Eg. • The man is our teacher. • The man who is in blue is our teacher.
Two ways of sentence analysis
Eg. NP S
Det. N
VP V
sentence clause NP Adv P O A
PP P NP
P Det. N
Aux. V Det. N
Two ways of sentence analysis
The other way is to divide predicate into two parts: the operator and the predication. The operator is usually the auxiliary or the first auxiliary in a complex verb phrase, while the predication comprises the main verb with its complementation (object, complement or adverbial)