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中考英语语法知识专题(1)名词、名词所有格课件(含答案)


—They are very beautiful! You’ve got a wonderful__________.( C )
A. instruction
B. description
C. collection
3.(2016·中考改编)—My favorite TV________is A Bite of China(舌尖上的中国).
物质 名词
抽象 名词
食物 饮料 自然物质 情感 概念 学科,语言
bread,meat,rice,cheese,fish,beef water,tea,coffee,wine,milk,cola wood,sand,soil,air friendship,peace,joy,love news,population maths,physics,geography,English
第三篇 语法知识专题
第一节 名词/名词所有格
名词 (一)名词的分类:名词是表示人或事物名称的词。它分为专有名词和普通名词。
类别
定义
例词
专有名词
表示具体的人名,事物, China,the Great 地名,组织等名称的词。 Wall
可数 普通
名词 不可

个体名词 集体名词 物质名词 抽象名词
表个别人或事物的名称 表若干人或事物的名称 表物质或材料的名称 表感情等抽象概念的名称
情况
特殊 名词
构成方法 变内部元音
单复数同形 完全不规则
例词 man—men,woman—women,foot—feet,tooth—
teeth Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish (中国人和日本人喜爱绵羊、鹿和鱼) penny—pence,child—children,mouse—mice
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考点一 名词的分类
1.(2016·中考改编)The students didn't find much________about the topic on that
website.( C )
A. report
B. article
C. information
2.(2016·中考改编)—Look at my stamps.
A.ability
B. decision
C. teamwork
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7.(2016·中考改编)—A study shows that good habits play a very important________
in children’s education.
—I think so.( B ) A. sense
Americans
Australia
Australian
Australians
India
Indian
Indians
Canada
Canadian
Canadians
Italy
Italian
Italians
Brazil
Brazilian
Brazilians
Singapore
Singaporean
Singaporeans
A. chickens
B. chicken
C. a chicken
2.(2016·中考改编)—I have great________in finishing the work by myself. Can you
help me?
—No problem.( C ) A. fun
B. success
C. difficulty
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名词所有格
(一)名词所有格表示人或物的隶属和所有关系,有两种表示形式:
1.有生命的名词后加-'s。
2.无生命的名词后加of介词短语。
类型
构成方法
在词尾加-'sBiblioteka 有生命的名词 (人或动物)
以-s结尾的名词只加-' 不规则复数名词在词尾加-'s 两人共同拥有某物用A and B's
两人分别拥有某物用A's and B's
以s,x, ch, sh 等结尾
加-es
bus—buses,box—boxes, watch—watches,wish—wishes
一般情况
加-s
book—books,table—tables
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(3)不可数名词:分为抽象名词和物质名词,表数量时要用“基数词或不定冠词 +量词+of+不可数名词”,注意of后的名词只能用原形。如:a piece of news, two pieces of bread。
—I know. But I was busy at that time. When I called back, there was no ________.
A. voice
B. sound
C. answer
( C)
5.(2016·中考改编)He will have to watch his ________because of his serious
Korea
Korean
Koreans
3
(2)可数名词复数形式的规则变化
情况
构成方法
例词 (口诀)
以f或fe结尾
一般变f, fe为v再加 -es
树叶(leaf)半数(half)自己(self)黄,妻子 (wife)拿刀(knife)去杀狼(wolf),架(shelf)后 小偷(thief)逃命(life)忙。
B. part
C. reason
8.(2016·中考改编)—There are a lot of________of bike riding.
—I agree. It’s good for the environment and it saves money.( C )
A.instructions
B.instruments
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名词的形容词转换: n.+y rain—rainy cloud—cloudy sun—sunny luck—lucky health—healthy n.+ful use—useful harm—harmful beauty—beautiful care—careful wonder— wonderful thank—thankful n.+less useless care—careless help—helpless n.+ly friend—friendly love—lovely month—monthly n.+n Asia—Asian America—American Australia—Australian n.+en wool—woolen wood—wooden gold—golden
—I like it, too. My mother often cooks delicious food after watching it.( B )
A. guidebook
B. program
C. instruction
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4.(2016·中考改编)─Someone called you just now.
无生命的名词 时间、距离…… 其他
在词尾加-'s或-' 用“of+名词”结构
双重所有格
of+-'s所有格 of+名词性物主代词
例词 Tony's pen the students' textbooks Teachers’ Day Women's Day Children's Day Lucy and Lily's mother Lucy's and Lily's beds twenty minutes' walk today's newspaper a photo of my family a friend of her mother's a friend of mine
teacher,apple family,police water,bread love,knowledge
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(二)名词的数: 名词按事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。 1.可数名词:①有复数;②单数前加a/an。 2.不可数名词:①无复数;②不能用a, an 修饰。 (1)可数名词复数形式的不规则变化
2
国人变复数口诀:中日不变英法变,其余一般s加后面。
China
Chinese
Chinese
Japan
Japanese
Japanese
England
Englishman
Englishmen
France
Frenchman
Frenchmen
Germany
German
Germans
America
American
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(二)名词所有格考点 1.表几十分钟的路程的短语:ten minutes' walk=a ten-minute walk 2.双重所有格和一般所有格的区别:a photo of my sister's (照片属于我姐姐,但 照片上的人不一定是我姐姐);a photo of my sister (照片上的人是我姐姐) 3.名词所有格表住宅,学校,店铺,诊所(这些名词常省略) the Green’s 格林一家 at the doctor’s在诊所
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(三)名词考点 1.集体名词:family,people,crowd,class,police (1)指整体时,视为单数,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 (2)指成员时,视为复数,作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 Her family is (be) very big. 她家是一个大家庭。 Her family are (be) football fans. 她全家人都是足球迷。
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