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中考英语语法知识专题(1)名词、名词所有格课件(含答案)
—They are very beautiful! You’ve got a wonderful__________.( C )
A. instruction
B. description
C. collection
3.(2016·中考改编)—My favorite TV________is A Bite of China(舌尖上的中国).
物质 名词
抽象 名词
食物 饮料 自然物质 情感 概念 学科,语言
bread,meat,rice,cheese,fish,beef water,tea,coffee,wine,milk,cola wood,sand,soil,air friendship,peace,joy,love news,population maths,physics,geography,English
第三篇 语法知识专题
第一节 名词/名词所有格
名词 (一)名词的分类:名词是表示人或事物名称的词。它分为专有名词和普通名词。
类别
定义
例词
专有名词
表示具体的人名,事物, China,the Great 地名,组织等名称的词。 Wall
可数 普通
名词 不可
数
个体名词 集体名词 物质名词 抽象名词
表个别人或事物的名称 表若干人或事物的名称 表物质或材料的名称 表感情等抽象概念的名称
情况
特殊 名词
构成方法 变内部元音
单复数同形 完全不规则
例词 man—men,woman—women,foot—feet,tooth—
teeth Chinese,Japanese,sheep,deer,fish (中国人和日本人喜爱绵羊、鹿和鱼) penny—pence,child—children,mouse—mice
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考点一 名词的分类
1.(2016·中考改编)The students didn't find much________about the topic on that
website.( C )
A. report
B. article
C. information
2.(2016·中考改编)—Look at my stamps.
A.ability
B. decision
C. teamwork
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7.(2016·中考改编)—A study shows that good habits play a very important________
in children’s education.
—I think so.( B ) A. sense
Americans
Australia
Australian
Australians
India
Indian
Indians
Canada
Canadian
Canadians
Italy
Italian
Italians
Brazil
Brazilian
Brazilians
Singapore
Singaporean
Singaporeans
A. chickens
B. chicken
C. a chicken
2.(2016·中考改编)—I have great________in finishing the work by myself. Can you
help me?
—No problem.( C ) A. fun
B. success
C. difficulty
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名词所有格
(一)名词所有格表示人或物的隶属和所有关系,有两种表示形式:
1.有生命的名词后加-'s。
2.无生命的名词后加of介词短语。
类型
构成方法
在词尾加-'sBiblioteka 有生命的名词 (人或动物)
以-s结尾的名词只加-' 不规则复数名词在词尾加-'s 两人共同拥有某物用A and B's
两人分别拥有某物用A's and B's
以s,x, ch, sh 等结尾
加-es
bus—buses,box—boxes, watch—watches,wish—wishes
一般情况
加-s
book—books,table—tables
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(3)不可数名词:分为抽象名词和物质名词,表数量时要用“基数词或不定冠词 +量词+of+不可数名词”,注意of后的名词只能用原形。如:a piece of news, two pieces of bread。
—I know. But I was busy at that time. When I called back, there was no ________.
A. voice
B. sound
C. answer
( C)
5.(2016·中考改编)He will have to watch his ________because of his serious
Korea
Korean
Koreans
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(2)可数名词复数形式的规则变化
情况
构成方法
例词 (口诀)
以f或fe结尾
一般变f, fe为v再加 -es
树叶(leaf)半数(half)自己(self)黄,妻子 (wife)拿刀(knife)去杀狼(wolf),架(shelf)后 小偷(thief)逃命(life)忙。
B. part
C. reason
8.(2016·中考改编)—There are a lot of________of bike riding.
—I agree. It’s good for the environment and it saves money.( C )
A.instructions
B.instruments
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名词的形容词转换: n.+y rain—rainy cloud—cloudy sun—sunny luck—lucky health—healthy n.+ful use—useful harm—harmful beauty—beautiful care—careful wonder— wonderful thank—thankful n.+less useless care—careless help—helpless n.+ly friend—friendly love—lovely month—monthly n.+n Asia—Asian America—American Australia—Australian n.+en wool—woolen wood—wooden gold—golden
—I like it, too. My mother often cooks delicious food after watching it.( B )
A. guidebook
B. program
C. instruction
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4.(2016·中考改编)─Someone called you just now.
无生命的名词 时间、距离…… 其他
在词尾加-'s或-' 用“of+名词”结构
双重所有格
of+-'s所有格 of+名词性物主代词
例词 Tony's pen the students' textbooks Teachers’ Day Women's Day Children's Day Lucy and Lily's mother Lucy's and Lily's beds twenty minutes' walk today's newspaper a photo of my family a friend of her mother's a friend of mine
teacher,apple family,police water,bread love,knowledge
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(二)名词的数: 名词按事物的性质分为可数名词和不可数名词。 1.可数名词:①有复数;②单数前加a/an。 2.不可数名词:①无复数;②不能用a, an 修饰。 (1)可数名词复数形式的不规则变化
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国人变复数口诀:中日不变英法变,其余一般s加后面。
China
Chinese
Chinese
Japan
Japanese
Japanese
England
Englishman
Englishmen
France
Frenchman
Frenchmen
Germany
German
Germans
America
American
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(二)名词所有格考点 1.表几十分钟的路程的短语:ten minutes' walk=a ten-minute walk 2.双重所有格和一般所有格的区别:a photo of my sister's (照片属于我姐姐,但 照片上的人不一定是我姐姐);a photo of my sister (照片上的人是我姐姐) 3.名词所有格表住宅,学校,店铺,诊所(这些名词常省略) the Green’s 格林一家 at the doctor’s在诊所
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(三)名词考点 1.集体名词:family,people,crowd,class,police (1)指整体时,视为单数,作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 (2)指成员时,视为复数,作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 Her family is (be) very big. 她家是一个大家庭。 Her family are (be) football fans. 她全家人都是足球迷。