Training and Practice for English for Academic PurposesPart I1.Discuss the following questions.What are basic principles the researchers must try to follow when they write their research papers? And would you please list some deadly sins a researcher must avoid when they want to publish a research paper? What are the main contents of a research paper?2. Translate the following Chinese introduction into English.提高起重机生产力和安全性的设备研究近些年来，就用研究人员对起重机(crane)的研究兴趣与日俱增。
起重机种类繁多，从樱桃采摘机(cherry pickers)到巨型塔式起重机(huge tower cranes) ，是建筑工地不可或缺的重要设备之一。
由于建筑用起重机工作环境多变(constantly changing working environment), 操作者(operator)责任重大(heavy reliance)。
过去几十年里，超重机技术日新月异，但是操作员与其他工种人员配合协作方面的技术发展缓慢。
起重机的发展步伐如此迅猛，我们似乎要问，在某些方面，是不是已经超出(outstrip)了人们安全使用的能力？本文旨在探讨如何通过新型设备的引进提高起重机生产力以及提出相关安全性的举措，进而为新型起重机的应用和案例提供新的思路。
In recent years, researchers have become more interested in crane research. The variety of cranes, from cherry pickers to giant tower cranes, is one of the most important equipment on construction sites. As a result of the changing working environment of the construction crane, operator is responsible for heavy reliance. Over the past few decades, the technology of overweight machines has been changing rapidly, but the operators have been slow to cooperate with other workers in collaboration. The pace of development of cranes is so rapid that we seem to be asking whether in some respects, the outstrip has exceeded the ability of people to safely use it. This paper aims to explore how to improve crane productivity and raise related security measures through the introduction of new equipment, so as to provide new ideas for the application and case of new cranes.3. You are writing a research paper entitled “The Effects of Radiation from the Sun on Life o n Earth”. In your introduction you need to review, in general terms, how the sun supports life on the earth. Prepare an Introduction section for your paper based on the information below.⏹Distance from the earth: 92,976,000 miles⏹The Sun’s energy comes from nuclear fusio n of hydrogen to helium.⏹Intense radiation, including lethal ultraviolet radiation, arrives at the earth’s outer atmosphere.⏹Ozone in the stratosphere protects life on earth from excessive ultraviolet radiation.⏹The seasons of the earth’s climate results from (1) the 23.30tilt of the earth’s axis of rotation from the normal to the plane of the earth’s orbit around the Sun, (2) the large coverage area of water on the earth (about 75% of the earth’s surface), and (3) the rotation of the earth with associated generation of jet-stream patterns.⏹Radiation passing through the earth’s atmosphere loses most short-wave radiation, butsome arriving at the surface is converted into infrared radiation which is then trapped by water vapor and other tri-atomic molecules in the troposphere and stratosphere, causing global warming.Life on earth is maintained from photosynthesis and conversion of carbon dioxide to oxygen by plants.4.Translate the following parts of sentences in Introduction into proper English.（1）过去对……的研究工作说明……The previous work on … has indicated that…（2）A在1932年做了关于……的早期研究。
Early study on … were reported in 1932 by A.（3）文献资料未能证明······Li terature failed to prove…Book:The data available in literature failed to prove …（4）在······方面没有相关的发现。
T here don’t have any related discoveries in …（5）此类方法的主要缺点是······The main defect of this kind of method is…（6）尽管它们······，但缺点是：更加复杂，成本高，无法大量供应。
Although they…, they are more complicated and costly and cannot be supplied in large quantities. Despite their …, but the drawback is: more complex, costly, not a lot of supply.（7）尽管在······方面做了大量研究，但在······方面却少有研究Although a large amount of research has been done on …, there are few studies on …（8）近年来对······的研究已引起足够关注。
In recent years, the research of … has attracted enough attention.（9）本文讨论了计算……的方法。
The article discuss ways to calculate...（10）本文旨在阐述……This paper aims to illustrate…The aim of this paper is to illustrate / elaborate…（11）研究结果表明……The results of the research show that…（12）本文的组织结构如下。
第二部分介绍了……第三部分提出新的设计意义。
第四部分得出试验结果证实该理论的结论。
This paper is organized as follows.Section II is a brief introduction to …Section III deals with …Section IV gives new design implications….Section V concludes with experimental results supporting the theory.5. Translate the Chinese phrases and sentences in Materials and Methods into English.(Pay attention to the tenses and voices)（1）本次试验的目的是要确定......, 从而为......方面的研究提供坚实的基础。