木材科学专业词汇木材加工Wood processing1、一般词汇General Terms安全应力safe stress暗色心材dark heart-wood；dark corewood凹凸纹(理)(机械缺陷) raised grain扒钉(蚂蟥钉) double—headed nail白腐white rot白腐材white rotten wood百万板尺MMBF百万立方米Mm3斑腐mottled(rot)；pecky板尺检尺法foot board measurement板英尺board foot(b.F.; B．F．or bd．ft)板英尺—考得转换board foot-cord conversion板英尺-立方英尺转换board foot-cubic foot conversion 板英尺材积表board foot volume table板英尺检尺board—foot scaling板英尺量度board-foot measure半成材shop lumber半环孔材semi—ring porous wood半活节partial Intergrown knot半具缘纹孔对semibordered pit-pair半散孔材semi-diffuse porous wood半圆材half-round wood半缘纹孔对haft-bordered pit-pair包复片wrapping foil薄壁组织parenchyma被絮花纹quilted figure比例极限proportional limit；limit of proportionality比例极限应力stress at proportional limit壁孔(纹孔) pit壁孔对(纹孔对) pit pair壁孔口(纹孔口) pit aperture壁孔膜(纹孔膜) pit membrane壁孔腔(纹孔腔) pit cavity；pit chamber边材腐朽sap rot；external decay边材树sapwood tree边腐marginal rot边节edge knot边棱节arris knot；corner knot边缘纹孔marginal pit变色材staining wood变形deformation标尺staff标准节standard knot标准考得apparent cord标准木type tree标准误差mean error；error of mean square表层硬化case hardening表面虫孔surface worm hole表面缺陷；明显缺陷open defect波状纹理wavy figure(or grain)；fiddle back grain不规则纹理irregular grain不合格率failure rate不健全节unsound knot不均匀结构uneven texture不均匀纹理uneven grain部分轻度表层腐朽partial shallow decay部分严重(深层)腐朽partial deep decay材积测定法volume determination材面节(疤) face knot材性wood property材种kind of timber；wood sort；assortment槽纹钉corrugated nail侧面纹理side grain侧翘(边弯) spring测径尺caliper rule测径直角尺(轮尺) caliper square层积材laminate产品种类；产品目录production program长节mule-ear knot沉水材sinker成材lumber成年材mature wood；adult wood成熟材ripe wood承压应力bearing stress赤节red knot冲击剪切强度impact shearing strength冲击强度impact strength；shock resistance；shock strength 冲击应力shock stress冲击硬度impact hardness充脂材resin—soaked wood；lightwood；resinous wood充足原料储备well-stocked supply of raw materials虫孔(虫眼) insect hole；worm grub重纹孔；具缘纹孔bordered pit初腐dozy初期腐朽incipient decay初期红心腐firm red heart rot初生材primary wood初生木质部primary xylem初生韧皮部primary bast；primary phloem穿孔perforation；punching创伤心材wound heart wood垂直剪切强度vertical shearing strength垂直抗拉强度perpendicular tensile strength纯应变pure strain次生木质部secondary xylem次生韧皮部secondary phloem粗材积gross scale粗结构coarse texture粗纹理coarse grain；open grain；rough grain脆心材brittle heart打号员(划线员) marker大板条large strip大虫孔grub hole大兜(干基特大的) butt swelling；swell-butted；root swelling 大径材large timber大幼树large sapling大圆材high pole; large pole带棱健全材square-edge and sound (Sq.E.Sd.)带皮直径diameter outside(over)bark带心材boxed heart timber带状花纹stripe figure；ribbon grain袋腐pocket(rot)单壁孔(单纹孔) simple pit单穿孔simple perforation档木(集材弯道) sheer log导管vessel导管分子vessel element导热性thermal conductivity；heat conductivity倒棱(倒角) chamfers等级类别grade category等级区分grade separation等级应力；应力分类；应力分等grade stress地表直径ground line diameter(GLD)顶腐top rot冻心材frost heart-wood端裂end checking；end shake；end split端面纹理end grain短木段billet；bolt短原木billet timber断面模量modulus of section断纹理；破折纹理broken grain对角纹理diagonal grain钝棱材waney lumber多用途材versatile wood多脂材fatwood伐木废材logging debris法向应力normal stress翻木机log rotator防变色处理anti—stain treatment防裂扒钉anti—checking iron；anti-split iron防裂夹具anti-checking clamp防裂涂料anti-checking coating非规格材off-standard非破坏性试验non-destructive testing废料refuse分叉节；岔节branched knot封闭节；不贯通节blind knot封边条edge banding蜂窝腐honeycomb(rot)蜂窝状纤维(木材缺陷) comb grain；quartered without flakes 腐烂和腐朽decay and rot腐朽节rotten knot：decayed knot复合材composite wood复合成材composite lumber复节；丛节knot cluster复心材double heart-wood；double-summit改良板尺检尺法new F.B.M scale改性木improved wood; modified wood干材stemwood干腐trunk rot；bole rot干基腐朽butt rot干裂crack；seasoning check干容积重dry bulk density干围girth干围级girth class干围界限girth limit干围率girth quotient干燥应力drying stress杆材small pole刚性模量rigidity modules根端butt end根段材first log；butt log根腐root rot根株(木)花纹stump figure工作应力working stress构架材carcassing timber管胞tracheid管孔pore管状腐朽pipe rot规定尺寸dead size规格材dimension stock过熟材overyeared wood；overstocked wood海绵状腐朽sponge rot含晶细胞crystalliferous cell含水率moisture content含水率允许公差moisture tolerances函心材boxed—heart(timber)褐腐brown rot黑节black knot横纹剪切shear perpendicular to the grain横纹抗拉(极限)强度maximum tensile strength perpendicular to(the) grain 横纹抗拉强度tensile strength perpendicular to the grain横纹抗压强度compression strength perpendicular to(the) grain横纹抗压试验compression test perpendicular to the grain横纹拉力tension perpendicular to the grain横向翘曲cupping：crosswise concaving; transverse warping；cup红变red stain宏观构造gross structure后期腐朽advanced decay厚度膨胀thickness swelling弧裂burst check花斑纹mottled figure；mottle figure滑移slipping化学变色chemical stain环钉ring dog环孔材ring-porous wood环裂ring shake；round shake环状腐朽ring rot混生节Intergrown knot活节live knot; tight knot火焰纹flame figure机加工性能machining properties机械磨损abrasion(mechanical)基本应力basic stress极限抗拉强度ultimate tensile strength极限抗弯强度ultimate bending strength极限强度ultimate strength极限应力ultimate stress加工材manufactured lumber夹皮bark pocket假年轮；伪年轮false(annual)ring；false increment 假心材；伪心材false heart wood尖节spike knot尖削度taper；fall-off; tapering；taperingness坚实节fixed knot间柱材stud(ding)检尺杖scale stick剪切弹性模量shear modulus剪切拉伸强度shear tensile strength剪切破坏shear failure剪切应力shearing stress剪应变shear strain健全节sound knot降等downgrade；degrade交错纹理cross gram；interlocked grain节材nodal wood节子knot；knag结构特选级selected structure紧密节tight knot浸渍材impregnated wood径级diameter class径裂radial shake；cross shake径切面纹理comb—grain净增率percentage net growth锯齿状年轮indented ring卷曲花纹curly figure卷曲纹理curly grain绝对含水率absolute moisture content均匀结构uniform texture；even texture；even grain 抗白蚁处理termite-resistance treatment抗剪刚度shear stiffness抗剪力shear resistance抗剪强度shearing strength；shear resistance抗拉(极限)强度maximum tensile strength抗拉弹性tensile elasticity抗拉刚度tensile stiffness抗拉强度tensile strength抗磨性abrasive resistance抗扭刚度torsional rigidity抗扭强度torsional strength抗劈力cleavage resistance抗劈性cleavability抗弯刚度bending stiffness抗弯强度bending strength；crossbending strength；cross-breaking strength；flexural strength抗弯阻力buckling resistance抗压极限强度maximum crushing strength抗压强度crushing strength；compression (compressive) strength；bearing strength坑腐pitted sap rot空节；节洞hollow knot枯梢树staghead块状腐朽cubical rot扩基上端干围girth above buttress阔叶材树脂囊(油眼) gum pocket拉力试验机tensile testing machine拉伸试验tensile test拉应力tensile stress蓝斑；蓝变blue stain蓝变材blue lumber梁材stringer两端翘(弓形弯)；顺弯bow；bowing劣等材wrack裂环ring crack(shake)；round shake檩材beams；stringer绿变green stain乱纹材burly乱纹理wild grain轮生节verticillate or whorle knot螺纹增厚spiral thickening螺旋纹理spiral grain马蹄形防裂扒钉beegle iron毛边材unedged lumber毛刺woolly grain毛刺沟痕torn grain密实木材densified wood磨科abrasive(＝grinding material)木薄壁组织xylem parenchyma；wood parenchyma木材变色wood stain木材传声性acoustical conductivity of wood木材脆性brashness of wood；brittleness of wood木材弹性elasticity of wood；elastic property of wood木材的膨胀和收缩swelling and shrinking of wood木材的柔韧性pliability of wood木材电学性质electricity property of wood木材分类wood assortment；wood sorting木材干馏wood distillation木材刚性rigidity of wood木材黑斑black spot(in wood)木材解剖术；木材切片术xylotomy木材抗疲劳性fatigue of wood木材力学性质(木材机械性质) mechanical properties of wood木材流变学rheology of wood木材密度specific gravity of wood木材耐磨性abrasion of wood木材挠性flexibility of wood木材膨胀swelling of wood木材缺陷defect；fault木材韧性toughness of wood木材容重volume weight of wood；weight by volume；volumetric weight 木材声响反射系数acoustic reflection coefficient f wood木材声学性质acoustical properties of wood木材实质比重(真比重) specific weight of wood木材实质密度density of wood substance木材水解wood hydrolysis木材塑性plastic property of wood木材调温调湿设备wood conditioning apparatus木材透声性acoustical permeability of wood木材凸起bulge(of wood)木材凸纹burr figure of wood木材物理性质physical property of wood木材吸音系数acoustic absorption coefficient of wood木射线xylem ray；wood ray木丝excelsior；wood wool木瓦材shingle bolt木纹figure；grain木纹斜度slope of grain木纤维wood fiber木纤维素wood cellulose木质部xylem木质素lignin耐火木材refractory timber耐久性试验endurance test耐磨试验abrasive test耐磨硬度abrasive hardness耐水性moisture resistance囊腐pocket rot挠曲刚度；抗挠刚度flexural rigidity内部腐朽inside rot内含边材inside sapwood；included sapwood；double sapwood 内夹皮close bark-pocket内裂interior cheek；internal check逆表面硬化(应力) reverse case-hardening年轮(生长轮) growth ring；yearly ring increment鸟眼(木材) birds’eye (wood)鸟眼纹bird's figure扭(力)矩torsional moment扭矩torque扭力torsional force；torsional load turning force扭曲distortion扭曲纹twisted grain扭应力torsional stress膨胀压力swelling pressure皮包节encased knot皮孔lenticelle；lenticel疲劳极限fatigue limit疲劳强度fatigue strength(resistance)疲劳试验durability test偏向木sway wood偏心(年)轮eccentric ring偏心(髓心偏离) wandering heart；eccentric pith片(英)尺super feet平衡含水率equilibrium moisture content(EMC)平均干围mean girth平均木；中央木mean sample-tree破坏性试验break-down test骑马钉C-iron千板尺MBF千板尺锯材＝2.36m3 1MBF sawn timber ＝2.36m3千板尺原木＝5.1m3 1MBF log ＝5.1m3千平方尺MSF强度比strength ratio强度试验strength test强度系数strength factor翘曲warp；warping；distortion切削沟纹；碎裂纹chipped grain切削加工性能machinability侵染材affected wood (timber)侵填体tylosis青变；蓝变blue sap-stain曲干材compass-timber屈服应力yield stress去皮材barked wood去皮原木buckskin去皮直径diameter inside bark去脂材bled timber缺陷材defect wood缺陷分级法defect system缺陷原木defective log染料木材dyewood热力学thermodynamics热膨胀thermal expansion热容量thermal capacity韧皮射线phloem ray韧皮束phloem bundle韧型木纤维libriform wood fiber韧性值toughness value容许应力permissible stress；allowable stress 乳汁道latex canal乳汁管latex tube；laticifer；laticiferous tube 乳汁细胞latex cell；laticiferous cell软腐soft rot散孔材diffuse porous wood上等材high grade stock上木upper growth；upper stock深虫孔deep worm hole深加工Intensive processing深裂纹(深1/8英寸以下) heavy torn grain生长应力growth stress生节live knot；sound knot声阻acoustic resistance湿腐wet rot湿心材water-core；wetwood；wet heart十亿立方米MMMm3实木solid wood饰面片finish fails试件；试材testing piece试生产trial production试行experimenting；try out试验程序；试验方法testing procedure试运转break-in；test run；running-in适宜含水率suitable moisture content受压木compression wood疏松节loose knot熟材ripe wood树杈crotch树杈纹crotch grain(figure)树干材stem timber树瘤；树疤burr(burl)树皮；皮层cortex树脂道resin canal；resin duct树脂瘤resinous cancer顺纹along the grain；with the grain；in the grain direction；in the fiber direction顺纹剪切shear parallel to the grain顺纹抗剪强度shear strength parallel to grain顺纹抗拉(极限)强度maximum tensile strength parallel-to-grain顺纹抗拉强度tensile strength parallel to grain顺纹抗压(极限)强度maximum compression strength parallel to(the) grain顺纹抗压强度compression strength parallel to grain；endwise tensile strength；crushing strength along the grain丝状腐朽stringy rot撕裂纹torn grain死节dead knot；encased knot；non-adhering knot松散纹理loosened grain塑(性)变(形) plastic deformation髓节pith knot弹性极限应力stress of elasticity limit统材(包括中等以下的阔叶材及一般的针叶材) common(s)桶材tubbing头木basal trunk椭圆节oval knot弯边softforming edge弯矩moment of flexure弯抗强度buckling strength弯曲材crook弯曲杆材curvature弯曲极限buckling limit弯曲木bent wood；compass-timber弯曲应变buckling strain弯曲应力bending stress；buckling stress弯曲折断荷载buckling load晚材(夏材) late wood(summer wood)晚材率late wood percentage；percent of late wood未成熟材immature wood未成熟心材imperfect heart wood纹孔道pit canal纹孔膜pit membrane纹孔内口inner pit aperture纹孔塞pit torus纹孔室；纹孔腔pit chamber纹孔缘pit border纹理方向grain direction涡卷纹swirl grain握钉力nail-holding ability；nail-holding power(capacity)；screw holding power 无节材clear wood无孔材non—pored timber(wood)无缺陷材clear lumber细(致)纹理smooth grain；fine grain；close grain细胞膜cell membrane细波花纹fiddle back figure(grain)细结构fine texture细结构材fine-texture wood细纹材close-grained wood纤维(状)管胞fiber—tracheid纤维饱和点fiber-saturation point纤维应力fiber stress弦面纹理slash figure(grain)弦切面纹理flat grain显微构造microscopic structure显微解剖micro-dissection相对含水率relative moisture content箱板材case wood；wrack小材小料waste lumber material小虫孔shot hole；pin hole小方材scantlings小规格材small-dimension stock小径木undersized tree小柱材low pole斜边原木bevel-edged log斜纹抗压强度compression strength inclined to(the) grain斜纹理diagonal grain心材heart wood心材树(种) heart wood tree心裂pith check；rift；heart check；heart shake新伐材freshly-felled timber(wood)形成层cambium (pl.cambia)胸高干围girth breast height(GBH)胸高直径diameter breast-high(D.B.H.)熊抓纹wild grain bear scratches朽节rotten knot压碎应力crushing stress压缩木compact wood；compressed wood压应力compressive stress；crushing stress羊毛状纹理woolly grain一等材first prime quality；first grade timber异形射线(组织) heterogeneous ray(tissue)银光花纹silver grain(figure)引火木材spunk隐节；内含节enclosed knot应变strain应变仪strain gauge；strainometer应拉木tension wood应力(力学) stress (mechanic)应力分级法stress grading应力分析stress analysis应力集中stress concentration应力木reaction wood应力松弛stress relaxation应力应变stress-strain应压木compression-wood硬度hardness硬腐(初期腐朽) hard rot硬化层压木densified laminated wood永久变形permanent deformation；permanent set优质大原木big blue butt有孔材pored wood幼年材immature wood；juvenile wood愈合材callus wood原木板英尺材积表board foot log rule原木大头段butt block原条tree stem；trunk(＝pole)圆节round knot圆棱eased arris(edge)杂木miscellaneous tree；weed tree早材(春材) early (spring) wood造材bucking；dissecting；dissection造材归堆机bucker—buncher造材机bucker造材锯bucking saw站杆(枯立木) snag涨方(胀量) bulk丈尺measuring staff(stick)针节pin knot针叶材树脂囊；油眼resin cyst；resin pocket；gum pocket 真菌学试验mycological test正应力normal stress枝节knottiness枝梢材faggot wood；lop and top；lapwood枝条材branchwood；slender-branched枝桠材brushwood直边和弯边的封边材料edgebanding materials for straight and softforming edges 中方(材) medium hewn squares中节medium knot中央干围mid girth周皮periderm蛛网心裂spider heart主干高bole height(length)柱材post；pillar wood桩木pile装饰兼结构用材appearance lumber纵裂longitudinal check纵向切削longitudinal cutting纵向树脂道；轴向树脂道vertical resin canal阻力矩moment of resistance最大剪应力maximum shearing stress最大纤维应力extreme fiber stress最大压应力maximum compressive stress。