英语学习中体现为运用不同句型来表述同一意思。

细微而言，表述同一意思的各个不同句型各有其语义上的倾重点；但一般情况下，尤其是对初学者而言，这种细微的“异”并不要求强调。

换言之，是要求从“同”的角度来看待表述同一意思的不同句型。

本章拟以列举实例的方式来作一综合介绍。

一、一句多讲1.今天天气怎么样？How is the weather today?What is the weather like today?2.你怎么啦？What is the matter with you?What’s your trouble?What’s wrong with you?3.是上学的时候了。

It’s time for school.It’s time to go to school.4.这男孩今天16岁了。

The boy is sixteen (years old).The boy is at the age of sixteen.He is a boy of sixteen.5.我把门打开你不介意吧？Do you mind if I open the door?Do you mind my opening the door?6.他每天花1小时做作业。

It takes him an hour to do his homework every day.He spends an hour (in) doing his homework every day. He spends an hour on his homework every day.7.自从1992年以来上海发生了巨大的变化。

Great changes have taken place in Shanghai since 1992. There have been great changes in Shanghai since 1992. Shanghai has changed a lot since 1992.8.她的父亲去世5年了。

Her father died five years ago.Her father has been dead for five years.It is five years since her father died.(这里用It has been five years亦可。

)9.我没有钢笔和铅笔。

I have no pens and no pencils.I have neither pens nor pencils.I have no pens or pencils.(no = not any,所以可用not any代替no)I haven’t any pens or pencils.10.她是班级中个子最高的。

class.She is taller than any of the other studentsin her class.She is taller than anyone else in her class.No one is taller than she in her class.No one is as tall as she in her class.11.晚饭后他们继续做作业。

After supper, they went on doing their homework.After supper, they went ahead with their homework.After supper, they went on with their homework.12.他们准备吃中饭了。

They are getting ready for lunch.They are getting ready to have lunch.13.我将尽力帮助你。

I’ll try my best to help you.I’ll do my best to help you.14.他急急忙忙赶到家。

He hurried home.He went home in a hurry.He went home hurriedly.15.他好像知道这件事情。

He seems to know about it.It seems that he knows about it.16.我父母都不忙。

Neither my father nor my mother is busy.Neither of my parents is busy.Both of my parents are free.17.她害怕晚上一个人出去。

She fears to go out alone at night.She is afraid to go out alone at night.She is afraid to go out by herself at night.She is frightened to go out alone at night.18.他不仅对数学感兴趣，而且对英语也感兴趣。

He is interested not only in maths but alsoin English.HeisinterestedbothinmathsandinEnglish.HeisinterestedinEnglishaswellasinmaths.He is interested in English and in maths as well.19.他们是昨天到上海的。

They arrived in Shanghai yesterday.They reached Shanghai yesterday.They got to Shanghai yesterday.20.他需要帮助。

He needs help.He is in need of help.21.他叔叔上次乘火车去北京。

His uncle went to Beijing by train last time.His uncle took a train to Beijing last time.His uncle went to Beijing on a train last time.22.这机器没有毛病。

There’s nothing wrong with the machine.There isn’t anything wrong with the machine.Nothing is wrong with the machine.二、双宾语之间的转换1.give sb. sth.give sth. to sb.hand sb. sth.hand sth. to sb.show sb. sth.show sth. to sb.pass sb. sth.pass sth. to sb.lend sb. sth.lend sth. to sb.bring sb. sth.bring sth. to sb.send sb. sth.send sth. to sb.2.draw sb. sth.draw sth. for sb. make sb. sth.make sth. for sb.buy sb. sth.buy sth. for sb.sing sb. sth.sing sth. for sb.三、近义词或词组之间的转换1.about–or so–around2.at once–right now–immediately3.be full of–be filled with4.circle–move around5.catch–understand–follow6.catch a cold–have a cold–get a cold7.be ill–be sick8.make something +形容词–get something +形容词9.look out–be careful10.how about–what about11.finally–at last–in the end12.more than–over13.happen–take place14.look after–take care of15.no longer–not…any longer16.change into–turn into17.after twenty minutes–twenty minutes lager18.nearly–almost19.rain hard–rain heavily20.set out–set off–start23.all the world–the whole world24.by supper time–before supper25.ask sb. to repair sth.–have sth. repaired四、动词与名词之间的转换1.apologize to somebody–make an apology to somebody2.promise to do–make a promise to do3.walk–have a walk–take a walk4.look–have (take) a look5.talk–have a talk6.read something–do some reading7.wash something–do some washing8.clean something–do some cleaning五、复合句转变为简单句(一)状语从句←→不定式so…that……can←→enough toso…that……can←→too…to或not…enough to1.The boy is so young that he can’t go to school.The boy is too young to go to school.The boy is not old enough to go to school.2.Tom is so strong that he can lift the heavy box.Tom is strong enough to lift the heavy box.in order that←→in order to3.Hegotupearlyinorderthathecouldcatch the early bus.He got up early in order to catch the early bus.(二)宾语从句←→不定式(宾语从句用疑问词引导)1.I don’t know what I should do.I don’t know what to do.2.I don’t know how I can get to the station.I don’t know how to get to the station.3.They want to know where they will go.They want to know where to go.(三)宾语从句←→现在分词短语(see sb. doing sth.)1.Theysawthatanoldmanwasrunningafter the dog in the street.Theysawanoldmanrunningafterthedog in the street.2.I felt that the house was shaking.I felt the house shaking.六、并列句转变为复合句(一)用so连接的并列句←→原因状语从句（注意因果关系）1.He got up late, so he didn’t go to schoolon time yesterday.2.Mr. Black was ill, so she was taking overa class for him.She was taking over a class for Mr. Blackbecause he was ill.(二)用but连接的并列句←→让步状语从句1.Jenny was a good girl, but she had a shortcoming.Though Jenny was a good girl, she had a shortcoming.2.Zhang Ling likes English, but he needs help.Though/AlthoughZhangLinglikesEnglish, he needs help.(三)条件状语从句←→祈使句，and/or +简单句1.If you use your head, you’ll find a way.Use your head, andyou’ll find a way.2.I f you don’t hurry, you’ll miss the train.Hurry up, or you’ll miss the train.七、状语从句间的转变（意义相同）(一)when, after引导的时间状语从句←→not…until1.I will believe it when I hear it with my own ears.I won’t believe it until I hear it with my own ears.2.They left the classroom after theyfinishedtheir work.They didn’t leave the classroom until theyfinished their work.(二)以if not引导的状语从句←→unless从句1.If you don’t hurry, you’ll be late.You’ll be late unless you hurry.2.If you don’t work hard, you won’t pass the exam.Y ou won’t pass the exam unless you work hard.Exercise一、把下列简单句改成复合句，或把复合句改成简单句：1.Could you tell me how to go to the nearest hospital?_____________________________________2.We don’t know how we can help him._____________________________________3.Haveyoudecidedwhereyouaregoingtospend your holidays?_____________________________________4.I have no idea when to have a sports meet._____________________________________5.How to do more good deeds for the people is abig problem._____________________________________7.He is tall enough to reach the table._____________________________________8.The room is too small for us to livein._____________________________________二、按要求改写句子：1.I knew nothing about it before he told me.(用not…until改写)_____________________________________2.He doesn’t study English. His brother doesn’tstudy English, either. (用neither…nor改写)_____________________________________3.My father goes to bed late, but gets up early.(改为复合句)_____________________________________4.Mike is old, but he is strong. (改为复合句)_____________________________________5.Listentotheteachercarefully,andyouwillunderstand him. (改为复合句)_____________________________________6.Hurry up, or you will be late. (改为复合句)_____________________________________7.The film is so interesting that we all enjoy it.(改为简单句)_____________________________________8.Thoughyouhavedonewrong,youaretrulysorry about it. (改为并列句)_____________________________________9.I haven’t been to Beijing, so I will go ther e formy holidays. (改为复合句)_____________________________________10.At the age of ten he began to study English.(改为复合句)_____________________________________11.Is an elephant bigger than a horse?(改为并列句)_____________________________________12.We saw that she was dancing in the classroom.(改为简单句)_____________________________________13.Ifyoudon’tdotheseexercisesyourself,youwill learn nothing. (用unless改成复合句)_____________________________________14.A map is on page five. (用there be改写)___________________________________________________________________ _______16.They are very happy to see each other.(用it形式主语改写)_____________________________________17.He apologized for breaking the window.(用宾语从句改写)_____________________________________18.I hope that I will pass the exam this time.(用简单句改写)_____________________________________19.It seems that he is a doctor. (用he作主语改写)_____________________________________20.Ask him his age. (用宾语从句改写)_____________________________________三、填上适当的词，使上下句句意相同（每格一词）：1.What is wrong with you?What is the _________with you?What’s your _________?2.Has he paid you the money?Has he paid the money _________you?3.She bought me a magazine on her way home. Sheboughtamagazine_________meonherway home.4.TheChangjiangRiverisamongthelongestrivers in the world.The Changjiang River is _________ ________the longest rivers in the world.5.She is the cleverest girl in her class.She is _______than any other girl in her class.6.Only one day has passed since he came home.It _________only _________ _________sincehe came home.7.It’s time for the meeting, Robert!It’s time ________Robert ________ ________a meeting.8.I open the window, do you mind?Do you mind my _________the window?9.A clock has no legs and no arms. but it can work.Aclockhas_________legs_________arms,but it can work.10.Dr. Bethune didn’t leave, he went on with hisoperation.Dr. Bethune didn’t leave, he went on _______.11.It’s too late. He hurried into the classroom.12.He doesn’t need any help.He ________in ________ ________ _______any help.13.She dare not stay there alone.She _________dare to stay there ________ ________.14.There are about eighty people in the room.There are _________eighty people in the room.There are eighty people _________ ________in the room.15.You must look after the sick man.Youmust___________________________the sick man.16.SomethingiswrongwiththeTVset.Imustask Mr. Li to repair it.__________________somethingwrongwiththe TV set. I _________ _________the TV set_________.17.It’s very dark. I can’t see the pictureclearly.It’s_________dark_________I________seethe picture clearly.It’s_________dark__________________tosee the picture clearly.It’s__________________enoughformetosee the picture clearly.18.I borrowed a book from her.She _________ _________a book.A book _________ _________to me.19.He likes jumping better than running.He _________jumping _________running.20.You mustn’t eat with dirty hands._________eat with dirty hands.You are not _________to eat with dirty hands.。