高中英语it的用法it的概念:it可用作人称代词、指示代词、先行词及引导词等。
it 的用法:1、it可指天气、温度、时间、距离等。
如:It is cold today, isn't it?2、用作人称代词,代替前文提到过的事物。
如:The dog is not acold-blooded animals. It doesn't need to hibernate.3、为避免重复,it可用来代替前面说过的短语或句子。
如:I tried to persuade my father to give up smoking, but found it impossible. (it=to persuade my father to give up smoking)4、代替指示代词this,that。
如:—What's this?—It's an album.—Whose new bike is that?—It's Mary's.注:it与one,that的区别:it=the(this, that)+名词,特指并且代替前面所提到的某特定事物。
如:He's bought a new car, so he drives it everywhere to show ito ff.one=a+名词,one指前面提到的同类事物中的不同的另一个。
如:He needs a computer, but he can't afford one.that=the+名词,that指代的名词与前面的名词属于同一类,但不属同一个。
如:The population of China is larger than that of Japan. that指代population,但其后有一个of短语作定语,以区别于the population of China。
注:it与that的异同:it指同一事物,that指同类但并不是同一事物。
如:I like the climate of Kunming more than that of Beijing.The climate of Kunming is mild, and I like it.5、It/This/That+be+the first(second, third...) time+that-clause 这个句型表示截止到说话时为止的某人的一种经历,关键是注意time前有序数词,主句是一般现在时is时,从句要用现在完成时;如果主句用一般过去时was时,则从句须相应地用过去完成时。
如:This is the first time(that) these Europeans have visited the Great Wall.It was the fifth time(that) I had paid a friendly visit to America.6、在一些相对固定的词组中,没有特殊含义,经常不翻译。
如:He's never really made it as an actor. 作为演员,他从未获得过真正的成功。
It is my turn. 轮到我了。
强调句中的it:可以用来改变句子结构,使句子的某一成分得到强调:1)强调句的基本句型it's/was+被强调成分+that/who+其他成分原句:I told Jim the news in our office yesterday.强调主语:It was I that/who told Jim the news in our office yesterday.强调宾语:It was Jim that I told the news in our office yesterday.或:It was the news that I told Jim in our office yesterday.强调地点状语:It was in our office that I told Jim the news yesterday.强调时间状语:It was yesterday that I told Jim the news in our office.2)强调句的一般疑问句型Is/Was+it+所强调部分+that/who...?如:Was it you that told Jim the news in your office yesterday?3)强调句的特殊疑问句型疑问词+is/was+it+that/who...?如:Who was it that told Jim the news in your office yesterday?【注】强调句与主语从句虽然在形式上很相似,即都含有it is(was)...that。
但,区别在于:强调句去掉it is(was)…that之后,句子结构仍然完整,而主语从句却不能这样。
如:(It is)our hope(that) the two sides will work towards peace.解析:去掉It is…that之后,句子是不成立的。
由此得出该句不是强调句,而是一个简单的主语从句,it是形式主语,从句是真正的主语。
“it”的用法:1、it 作形式主语:it 在句中可作形式主语,而真正作主语的主语从句需要放在句子的末尾。
主语从句后置常用以下几种结构:1)It is/was+adj.+subject-clause可用于此句型的形容词有:clear, certain, funny, good, impossible, likely, natural, obvious, possible, probable, strange, surprising, true, unusual, wonderful等。
如:It is obvious that going for sports will do a lot of good to your health.2)It+be+adj./n.(forsb./ofsb.)+todosth. 该句型中的形容词通常表示事物的特点或特征的,如:difficult, hard, easy, impossible, necessary, important等,此时用for;或表示人的性格特征或特点的,如:nice, good, bad, kind, silly, foolish, wise, clever, careless, rude, brave, cruel, careful, grateful等,这时要用of 。
3)It is/was+名词词组+subject-clause可用于该结构的名词词组有:a pity/duty, a good thing, no surprise, good news, an honor, a fact, a mystery, a shame, manners等。
如:It's a pity that I didn't attend the party.4)It is/was+V-ed+subject-clause可用于该结构的动词的过去分词有:said, reported, thought, supposed, believed, hoped, expected, known, decided, announced, arranged 等。
如:It is said that something had been done to end the pollution.注:本句还可改写为:Something is said to have been done to end the pollution.5)It+vi.+subject-clause可用于该结构的动词有:appear, seem, happen, occur等。
如:It appeared to scientists that the stars had moved.6)It doesn't matter(makes no difference,etc.) +连接代词或连接副词引起的从句作宾语。
如:It doesn't matter whether he'll join the army or not.It makes no difference where we have the conference.7)一些固定句型:It takes sb. some time to do sth.如:It will take you two days to get there on foot.It costs sb. some money to do sth.如:It costs 1,000 dollars to fly to America.It is/was no use(useless) doing(做什么是没有用处的)如:It's no use arguing with him.It is/was no good doing(做什么是没有好处的)8)以下句型结构中需要用虚拟语气①It is/was ordered(required, suggested, proposed) that...;It is/was a pity(a shame) that...表示遗憾等感情的句子中,主语从句要用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。
如:It's necessary that he(should) be operated on at once.②It is (high)time that...结构中用should+动词原形(should不能省略)或动词过去式。
如:It is high time that you should make(made) full use of your time to go over your lessons.2、it作形式宾语:1)动词consider(feel, find, think等)+it+形容词(名词)+不定式(动词-ing形式,从句)。
如:She thinks it no use telling me.2)主语+appreciate(enjoy,like,love,hate)+it+if(when)...结构如:We would appreciate it if you could come to help us.3)dependon, relyon, see to(负责/设法做到), takeforgranted(习以为常)等短语后跟that从句时,要以it作形式宾语。