高二上学期开学考试英语试题一、阅读理解1. 阅读理解Around this time a few years ago, it was common to see videos of friends on social media having a bucket of icy water thrown on them. Known as the “ice bucket challenge”, it was created as a way to raise money for the medical condition ALS. But now, there’s a new challenge and this time, no water is involved.What is it? Well, think of a fruit that you’d never normally sink your teeth into. Perhaps you’ve got it: a lemon. While we enjoy using lemons to add flavor to dishes, ve ry few of us would actually eat one as we’d eat an apple or an orange.But the horrible taste is the precise reason why the “lemon face challenge” is taking off. Participants bite into a lemon, taking a selfie as they do it before posting the photo online. The fun is all about expression people make as all that citric acid hits their taste buds . Every expression seems to say, “This is worse than freezing water.”The serious side to this trend is the good cause it’s all in aid of. The challenge aims to raise awareness of a rare brain cancer that affects young children. It was started by Aubregh Nicholas, an 11-year-old US kid. She was diagnosed with this rare brain cancer herself in September 2017, but has sinceraised almost $50000 to cover her medical expenses thanks to the challenge.If a challenge is going to raise publicity and contributions from people, it has to be something interesting and original. That way the ice bucket challenge took off in 2014 and it explains why so many people are now sharing their lemon faces. There are a lot of stories about the downside of social media these days. The charity challenges, however, show how online culture can unite the world and bring help to the people who most need it.（1）Why is the icy bucket challenge mentioned m the article.A . to show how charity gained its popularity online.B . to introduce a similar challenge that raises money for charity.C . to attract people’s attention to a rare disease.D . to prove its popularity around the world.（2）Compared with the pre-Internet charity, what is the advantage of online charity?A . It raises more money than ever before.B . It is started by the people who suffer rare diseases.C . It brings people together easily and quickly.D . It causes little doubt among people.（3）What does the underlined phrase “take off’ in the last paragraph mean?A . go away suddenlyB . become successful and popularC . remove your clothesD . take a break（4）What is the author’s attitude towards online ch arity?A . positiveB . indifferentC . negativeD . ambiguous2. 阅读理解The Healthy Habits Survey shows that only about one third of American seniors have correct habits. Here are some findings and expert advice.⒈How many times did you brush your teeth yest erday?Finding: A full 33% of seniors brush their teeth only once a day.Step: Remove the 300 types of bacteria in your mouth each morning witha battery-operated toothbrush. Brush gently for 2 minutes, at least twice a day.⒉How many times did you wash your hands or bathe yesterday?Finding: Seniors, on average, bathe fewer than 3 days a week. And nearly 30% wash their hands only 4 times a day---half of the number which doctors recommend.Step: We touch our faces around 3,000 times a day-often inviting germs （病菌）to enter our mouth, nose, and eyes. Use toilet paper to avoid touching the door handle. And, most important, wash your hands often with hot running water and soap for 20 seconds.⒊How often do you think about fighting germs?Finding: Seniors are not fighting germs as well as they should.Step: Do you know it is not your toilet but your kitchen sponge（海绵）that can carry more germs than anything else? To kill these germs, keep your sponge in the microwave for 10 seconds.（1）What is found out about American seniors?A . About one third of them brush their teeth only once a day.B . Most of them have good habits.C . Nearly 30% of them bathe three days a week.D . All of them are fighting germs better than expected.（2）Doctors suggest that people should wash their hands .A . eight times a dayB . three times a dayC . four times a dayD . twice a day（3）Which of the following is true according to the text?A . We should keep from touching our faces.B . There are less than 300 types of bacteria in the mouth.C . We should wash our hands before touching a door handle.D . A kitchen sponge can carry more germs than a toilet.（4）The text probably comes from .A . a guide bookB . a book reviewC . a popular magazineD . an official document（文件）3. 阅读理解As technology develops, school students who are off class may have no fear of too much absence from class. A small robot may help those children recovering from a long-term illnesses in the hospital or at home. These children may feel isolated from their friends and classmates. The robot takes their place at school. Through the robot, the children can hear their teachers and friends. They also can take part in class from wherever they are recovering.Anyone who has had a long term illness knows that recovering at home can be lonely. This can be especially true of children. They may feel left out. Now these children may have a high-tech friend to feel less alone. And that friend is a robot. The robot is called AV1. AV1 goes to school for a child who is at home while recovering from a long-term illness. And the child’s school friends must help. They carry the robot between classes and place the robot on the child’s desk.A Norwegian company called No isolation created the robot. The co-founders of No Isolation are Karen Dolva and Marius Aabel. Dolva explains how the robot AV1 works. She says, from home, the child uses a tablet or phone to start the robot. Then they use the same device（设备）to control the robot’s movements. At school, the robot becomes the eyes, ears and vo ice of the child. The child can take part in classroom activities from wherever she/he is recovering-whether at home or from a hospital bed. The robot is equipped with speakers, microphones and cameras make communicating easy.（1）What’s the meaning of the underlined word “isolated”?A . to be difficult to deal withB . to be away fromC . to be unhappy or feel sorrowD . to be hopeful（2）What can we know about AV1?A . It can go to school on its own.B . It is small and looks like a kid.C . It can replace children to attend classes.D . It was created by Dolva and Aabel.（3）How are the movements of AV1 controlled?A . By using a tablet or phone.B . By joining in classroom activities.C . Through a small speaker.D . Through a small camera.4. 阅读理解The possibility of self-driving robot cars has often seemed like a futurist’s dream, years away from coming into reality in the real world. Well, the future is apparently now. The California Department of Motor Vehicles began giving permits in April for companies to test truly self-driving cars on public roads. The state also cleared the way for companies to sell or rent outself-driving cars, and for companies to operate driverless taxi services. California, it should be noted, isn’t leading the way here. Companies have b een testing their cars in cities across the country. It’s hard to predict when driverless cars will be everywhere on our roads. But however long it takes, the technology may change our transportation systems and our cities, for better or for worse, depending on how the transformation is managed.While much of the debate so far has been focused on the safety of driverless cars, policymakers should be talking more about how self-driving cars can help reduce traffic jams, cut emissionsand offer more convenient and affordable choices to move around. The arrival of driverless cars is a chance to make sure that those cars are environmentally friendly and more shared.Do we want to copy or even worsen the traffic of today with driverless cars? Imagine a future where most adults own their self-driving cars. They accept long, slow journeys to and from work on crowded highways because they can work, entertain themselves or sleep on the ride. They take their driverless car to a date and set the empty car to circle the building to avoid paying for parking. Instead of walking a few blocks to pick up a child or the dry cleaning, they send the self-driving minibus. The convenience even leads fewer people to take public transport — an unwelcome side effect researchers have already found in ride-hailingservices. Policymakers should start thinking now about how to make sure the appearance of driverless cars doesn’t worsen the transportation system we have today. The coming technological development presents a chance for cities and states to develop transportation systemsdesigned to move more people, and more affordably. The car of the future is coming. We just have to plan for it.（1）What can we learn from the first paragraph?A . Self-driving cars are not allowed in the real world.B . Driverless taxies will be seen everywhere on the road in a short term.C . California is not alone in testing driverless cars.D . Self-driving technology will definitely benefit transportation system.（2）According to the author, policymakers should pay more attention to __________.A . how driverless cars can help deal with transportation-related problemsB . how driverless cars can travel safelyC . how driverless cars can travel fasterD . how driverless cars can move more people（3）What is a possible side effect of self-driving cars?A . Journeys to and from work become longer.B . More and more people abandon public transportation.C . There is no place to park them.D . They may result in traffic jams.（4）What can be a suitable title for the text?A . Preparing Cities for Robot CarsB . Future Technology UnderwayC . Transportation System in the FutureD . Robot Cars on the Road二、任务型阅读5. 根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。