汽车运用工程大作业(一)汽车动力性计算(1)绘制汽车驱动力与行驶阻力平衡图ri i Tg η0tq T Ft =;4433221)/()/()/()/(c n a c n a c n a c n a a T tq ++++=;ru i i a g 377.0n 0=;其他参数已知;又以上条件可求出Ft ,并画出a u t F -图形。
15.212a D w f AuC f G F F +=+;参数均已知,可求出a w f u F F -+)(图形。
数据表格见:《附表一》(2)求最高车速max a u令Ft=Ff+Fw,得到方程058.62968.17316.4042.01065.12344-=+-⨯+⨯-⨯a a a au u u u使用MATLAB 求解>> p=[0.000165,-0.042,4.16,-173.68,629.58] p =0.0002 -0.0420 4.1600 -173.6800 629.5800>> px=poly2str(p,'x') px =0.000165 x^4 - 0.042 x^3 + 4.16 x^2 - 173.68 x + 629.58>> format rat% >> r=roots(p) r =17290/159 8296/117 +11840/193i 8296/117 -11840/193i2782/697max a u =108.7km/h. 这与从驱动力—行驶阻力平衡图观察结果一致。
最大爬坡度max i 的求解见(4)。
(3)绘制加速度倒数曲线)(1w f t F F F m du dt a +-==δ,其中 22202267.4844.401g Tg f wi r i i I r Im +=++=∑ηδ12.61=g i ,43242.192.5817.96208.650556.201735.18631a a a a u u u u a -+-+-=; 11.32=g i ,432048.093.364.12185.167954.120118.5111a a a a u u u u a -+-+-=; 69.13=g i ,4320023.034.062.1905.49663.81645.1791aa a a u u u u a -+-+-=; 00.14=g i ,432000165.0042.016.468.17358.62911.891aa a a u u u u a -+-+-=; 由以上条件绘出a u -a1图形如下: 数据表格见:《附表二》(4)绘制汽车动力因数特性曲线G F F w t -=D ,N 36211G =,22123.015.21F a a D w u u A C == 12.61=g i ,3621142.192.5817.92608.650507.1659-D 432aa a a u u u u -+-+=;11.32=g i ,36211048.093.364.12185.167909.843-D 432aa a a u u u u -+-+=;69.13=g i ,362110023.034.062.1905.49614.458-D 432aa a a u u u u -+-+=;69.13=g i 36211000165.0042.016.468.17309.271-D 432aa a a u u u u -+-+=;由以上条件求出D ,并画出a u -D 图像如下: 数据表格见:《附表三》求解max i 如下:欲求max i ,只需求max 1D ,用MAITLAB 求解如下:先令43242.192.5817.92608.650507.1659ua ua ua ua y -+-+-=, 求解y ’=0的根>> y=[-5.68,176.76,-1852.34,6505.08] y =-142/25 4419/25 -92617/50 84566/13>> yx=poly2str(y,'x') yx =-5.68 x^3 + 176.76 x^2 - 1852.34 x + 6505.08>> format rat% >> r=roots(y) r =2593/237 + 1397/676i2593/237 - 1397/676i1903/206得到max i 对应的速度1a u =1903/206=9.24km/h,此时max 1D =0.428o ax ax ff D f D 77.2411arcsin 22Im 2Im max=++--=α 46.0tan m ax m ax ==αi(4)二档车速——时间曲线,距离——时间曲线MATLAB 程序如下: >> t=cumtrapz(uat,adt)/3.6; t70=max(t);figure(1),plot(t,uat,'b','LineWidth',1.5);title('二档起步的车速—时间曲线');ylabel('ua (km/h)');xlabel('t (s)'); grid on;Sa=cumtrapz(t,uat)/3.6;figure(2),plot(t,Sa,'b','LineWidth',1.5);title('二档起步的距离—时间曲线');ylabel('S (m)');xlabel('t (s)');(二)汽车燃料经济性计算 (1)求汽车功率平衡图T a t e u η3600F p =;4433221)/()/()/()/(c n a c n a c n a c n a a T tq ++++=;ru i i a g 377.0n 0=;由以上条件可计算出e p ,并画出a e u -p 曲线;)761403600(1p 3aD a T Twf Au C Gfu p +=+ηη,可画出a Tw f u p -+ηp 曲线如下:数据表格见:《附表四》(2)求最高挡和次高档的等速百公里油耗曲线gu Peb Q a s ρ02.1=;0377.0i i rnu g a =;g ρ取8.00N/L ;T w f p p Pe η+=;761403600p 3a D a w f AuC Gfu p +=+;44332210b e e e e P B P B PB P B B ++++=;由以上这些条件可求出s Q ,并画出a s u Q -曲线如下:(Qs 单位:L) 数据表格:nuaPebQs4ig4820 19.61951973 2.48215644 753.0979195 11.67621456 1200 28.71149228 4.115953076 599.9671095 10.54027479 1600 38.28198971 6.428622686 558.9298669 11.50245632 2000 47.85248714 9.547593942 454.8862496 11.12249132 2600 62.20823328 16.17881262 379.7780132 12.10426539 3000 71.7787307 22.19543041 344.7733634 13.06505805 3400 81.34922813 29.72386379 343.7612663 15.39283477 3880 92.83382504 41.03739859 310.2741715 16.80850328 n uaPebQs3ig3820 11.60918327 1.357433164 980.5804969 14.05108563 1200 16.98904869 2.086663267 863.9480154 13.00411383 1600 22.65206492 2.977105295 838.390082 13.50337632 2000 28.31508115 4.034593844 734.6926092 12.82913937 260036.809605496.025392456688.876281413.81895653000 42.47262172 7.683204435 629.3618351 13.95222798 3400 48.13563795 9.654228637 651.8678962 16.02213114 3880 54.93125742 12.49169819 676.1304135 18.84266189(3)求该货车6工况循环行驶的百公里油耗根据题目给出的8条发动机负荷特性曲线,根据ua 与Pe 和n 的关系,利用MA TLAB 中spline 函数三次样条插值法,拟合出三条b —ua 曲线,分别是最高档位加速度198.0=dtdu时b —ua 曲线、170.0=dtdu 时b —ua 曲线、0=dt du时b —ua 曲线。
MATLAB 程序如下:>> ua=[19.6 28.7 38.3 47.9 62.2 71.8 81.3 92.8];b=[753.1 599.9 558.9 454.9 379.8 344.8 343.8 310.3]; plot(ua,b,'o');hold onua=[19.6 28.7 38.3 47.9 62.2 71.8 81.3 92.8];b=[753.1 599.9 558.9 454.9 379.8 344.8 343.8 310.3]; xx=19.6:0.1:92.8;b2=interp1(ua,b,xx,'spline'); plot(xx,b2,'r');hold on;ua=[19.6 28.7 38.3 47.9 62.2 71.8 81.3 92.8];b=[736.39 585.89 548.09 446.67 375.47 342.04 343.36 309.39]; plot(ua,b,'o');hold on;ua=[19.6 28.7 38.3 47.9 62.2 71.8 81.3 92.8];b=[736.39 585.89 548.09 446.67 375.47 342.04 343.36 309.39]; xx=19.6:0.1:92.8;b2=interp1(ua,b,xx,'spline'); plot(xx,b2,'g');hold on;ua=[19.6 28.7 38.3 47.9 62.2 71.8 81.3 92.8];b=[738.70 587.84 549.58 447.81 376.06 342.42 343.41 309.51]; plot(ua,b,'o');hold on;ua=[19.6 28.7 38.3 47.9 62.2 71.8 81.3 92.8];b=[738.70 587.84 549.58 447.81 376.06 342.42 343.41 309.51];xx=19.6:0.1:92.8; b2=interp1(ua,b,xx,'spline'); plot(xx,b2,'y');hold on;注:选择最高档位4档;绿色为198.0=dt du时b —ua 曲线; 黄色为170.0=dt du时b —ua 曲线;红色为0=dtdu时b —ua 曲线。