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英语句子就是以下五种基本句型

在进行汉译英过程中,有时会觉得无从下手,因为乍看英语句子错综复杂,千变万化,短句短到只一个字,长句长达几行,担心翻译出来的英语句子要么结构不对,不地道,要么意义不准确。

其实,就英语的句子结构而言,是有规律可循的,掌握这一规律,就掌握了翻译重要的第一步。

简单说来,英语句子就是以下五种基本句型的扩大与缩小。

(1)S+V(主语+谓语)
This good weather won't last.这种好天气不会持久的。

(2)S+V+P(主语+谓语+表语)
Sometimes she is not clever enough.她有时很蠢。

(3)S+V+O(主语+谓语+宾语)
Writing makes an exact man.写作使人精确。

(4)S+V+O+O(主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语)
She promised us a gift 她答应送我们一件礼物。

(5)S+V+O+OC(主语+谓语+宾语+宾补)
That news made her happy.那条消息使她很高兴。

这五个基本句型,要时刻做到心中有数。

动笔之前,仔细阅读原句,确切理解原句内容,抓住全句中心,搞清楚各个部分之间的关系。

然后把句子缩小了再缩小,缩小到只剩下以上五个基本句型中的主要成分。

先心译,再笔译。

在心译过程中,从基本句型开始,一步步扩大句子,添加修饰成分,直至完整,再笔译。

现举数例:
例1:“就在文戈获释之前,他给妻子写了一封信,问她是否愿意让他回去。


第一步把句子缩小到只剩主要成分,但句子仍然通顺。

“文戈写了一封信”。

vingo wrote a letter.
第二步增加修饰成分,扩大句子。

“文戈给妻子写了一封信”。

Vingo,wrote a letter to his wife.
第三步再扩大句子。

“就在文戈获释之前,他给妻子写了封信”。

Just before he was releasedfrom jail,Vingo wrote a letter to his wife.
第四步再扩大句子,直至完整,最后笔译。

“就在文戈获释之前,他给妻子写了一封信,问她是否愿意让他回去。

”Just before he was released from jail,Vingo wrote a letter to his wife asking if shewould have him back.
例2:“体育代表团团长在少先队员向他献上一束鲜花时愉快地笑了。

”思维方法同上。

①The head of the delegation beamed.
②The head of the sports delegation beamed.
③The head of the sports delegation beamed with delight.
④The head of the sports delegation beamed with delight when a young pioneerpresented him with a bunch of flowers.
例3:“老人读完信后失望之极,竟用颤抖的手指把它撕得粉碎。


①The old man was disappointed.
②After reading the letter the old man was disappointed.
③After reading the letter the old man was so disappointed that he tore it into little bits.
④After reading the letter the old man was so disappointed that he tore the let- ter into little bits with his trembling fingers.
例4:“在讨论这个问题之前,我要给你们读点东西。


①I'll read you something.
②Before the question is discussed I'll read you something.
例5:“老师告诉我们,不要在教室里大声喧哗。


①The teacher told us…
②The teacher told us not to talk or laugh loudly.
③The teacher told us not to talk or laugh loudly in the classroom.
另外,在翻译过程中还必须保持性、数、格、人称、时态、语态等一致性。

选词准确,正确使用习惯用法与修辞手段。

在经常做翻译练习的同时,不断提高翻译技巧。

久而久之,便会熟能生巧,得心应手。

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