英语课程标准要求初中掌握的语法项目及词汇语法项目表1．名词（1）可数名词及其单复数（2）不可数名词（3）专有名词（4）名词所有格2．代词（1）人称代词（2）物主代词（3）反身代词（4）指示代词（5）不定代词（6）疑问代词3．数词（1）基数词（2）序数词4．介词和介词短语5．连词6．形容词（比较级和最高级）7．副词（比较级和最高级）8．冠词9．动词（1）动词的基本形式（2）系动词（3）及物动词和不及物动词（4）助动词（5）情态动词10．时态（1）现在进行时（2）一般现在时（3）一般过去时（4）一般将来时（5）过去进行时（6）现在完成时11．被动语态12．非谓语动词：动词不定式13．构词法（1）合成法（2）派生法（3）转化法（4）缩写和简写14．句子种类（1）陈述句（肯定式和否定式）（2）疑问句：一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句（3）祈使句（4）感叹句15．句子成分（1）主语（2）谓语（主谓一致）（3）表语（4）宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）（5）定语（6）状语16．简单句的基本句型（1）主语+系动词+表语（2）主语+不及物动词（3）主语+及物动词+宾语（4）主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语（5）主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语（6）there be句型17．并列复合句18．主从复合句（1）宾语从句（2）状语从句（3）定语从句词汇表说明：1．本表共收约1600个单词。

2．本词汇表不列词组和短语。

3．本词汇表不列语法术语。

4．部分可根据构词法推导出的副词、名词等不单列。

Aa (an) art.ability nable aabout prep &ad. above prepabroad a &ad absent aaccent naccept vaccident nache nachieve vacross prepact n & vaction nactive aactivity nadd vaddress nadvantage n advertisement n advice nadvise vafford vafraid aafter ad , prep & conj afternoon nagain adagainst prepage nago adagree vagreement nair nairlineairplane n airport nalive aall a &pron allow valmost adalone aalong ad & prep aloud adalready adalso adalthough conjalways adAmerica nAmerican a &n among prepancient aand conjangry aanimal nanother a & pron answer n & vant nany pron & a anybody pronanyone pronanything pron anyway adanywhere adappear vapple nApril nareaarm narmy naround prep & ad arrive vart narticle nas ad, conj &prepAsia nAsian a &nask vasleep aat prepAtlantic n & aattention nAugust naunt nAustralia nAustralian a &nautumn navailable aavoid nawake vaway adBbaby nback ad & nbackground nbad ( worse,worst)abag nball nballoon nbamboo nbanana nbank nbaseball nbasic abasket nbasketball nbathroom nbe (is, am, are, was, were, being, been)aux v beach nbear nbeat v &nbeautiful abecause conjbecome (became, become)vbed nbedroom nbee nbeef nbefore prep, ad & conjbegin (began, begun) vbehaviour n behind prepbelieve vbell nbelow prepbeside prepbesides prep & ad between prepbeyond prepbig abike=bicycle nbill nbird nbirth nbirthday nbiscuit nbit nbitter ablack a & nblackboard nblind ablood nblow (blew, blown) vblue n & aboard nboat nbody nbook nboring aborn aborrow vboss nboth pron& abottle nbottom nbowl nbox nboy nbrain nbrave abread nbreak (broke, broken) v & n breakfast nbreath nbreathe vbridge nbright abring (brought, brought) v brother nbrown n & abrush v & nbuild (built, built) v building nburn (-ed, ed/burnt, burnt) v bus nbusiness nbusy abut conjbutter nbutterfly nbuy (bought, bought) vby prepbye interjCcabbage ncake ncall v &ncamel ncamera ncamp n &vcan modal vCanada ncancel vcandle ncancer ncandy ncap ncapital ncaptain ncar ncard ncare v &ncareful acareless acarry vcat ncatch (caught, caught)v cause n &vCD nCD-ROM n.ceiling ncelebrate vcent n centre ncentury ncertain achair nchairman/woman n chalk nchance nchange vchant n & vcheap acheat vcheck n &vcheer n &v cheese nchemistry nchess nchest nchicken nchild (pl. children) n China nChinese a & n chocolate nchoice nchoose (chose, chosen) v chopsticks n Christmas nchurch ncinema ncircle n & vcity nclap v & nclass nclassmate n classroom nclean a &vclear aclever aclimb vclock nclone vclose v & a clothes ncloud ncloudy aclub ncoach ncoal ncoast ncoat ncoffee ncoin ncoke ncold a &ncollect vcollege ncolour (Am color) n & v come (came, come) v comfortable acommon a communicate v communication n company ncompare vcompetition ncomplete a & v composition ncomputer nconcert ncondition nconference nconnect vconsider vcontinue vcontrol vconversation ncook v & ncooker ncool acopy n &vcorner ncorrect v & acost v & ncotton n & acough n &vcould modal vcount vcountry ncountryside ncouple ncourage ncourse ncousin n cover n& vcow ncrayon ncrazy acreate vcross v& ncruel acry n &vculture ncup ncut (cut, cut) v &n Ddad (daddy) ndaily a, ad & n dance v & n danger ndangerous adare v & aux vdark a&ndate ndaughter nday ndead adeaf adeal vdear adeath nDecember ndecide vdecision ndeep a & ad degree ndelicious adentist ndepend vdescribe vdesk ndevelop v development n dialogue (Am dialog) n diary ndictionary ndie vdifference ndifferent adifficult adifficulty ndig (dug, dug) vdinner ndirect a & vdirection ndirector ndirty adiscover vdiscovery ndiscuss vdiscussion ndisease ndish ndismiss vdisturb vdivide vdo (did, done)vdoctor ndog ndoll ndollar ndoor ndouble a & ndoubt n & vdown ad &prepdownstairs addozen ndraw (drew, drawn) vdrawer ndream (-ed, -ed/dreamt, dreamt) v & n dress n & vdrink (drank, drunk) v& ndrive (drove, driven)vdriver ndrop n & vdrug ndrum ndry v & aduck ndumpling nduring prepduty nDVD nE each a & pronear nearly a & adearth neast n, a & ad easy aeat (ate, eaten) vedge neducation neffort negg neight numeighteen numeighth numeighty numeither a , conj& ad elder aelectric aelephant neleven numelse ae-mail n & vempty aencourage vend n & venemy nenergy nengineer nEngland nEnglish n & a enjoy venough a &ad enter venvironment neraser nespecially adEurope nEuropean a & n even adevening never adevery aeverybody pron everyday aeveryone pron everything pron everywhere adexam=examination nexamine vexample nexcellent aexcept prepexcite vexcuse n &vexercise v & nexpect vexpensive aexperience nexperiment nexplain vexpress veye nFface n &vfact nfactory nfail vfair afall (fell, fallen)vfamily nfamous afan nfantastic afar(farther, farthest/further, furthest) a & ad farm nfarmer nfast a& adfat afather nfavourite (Am favorite) a & nfear nFebruary nfeed (fed, fed)vfeel (felt, felt)vfeeling nfestival nfetch vfever nfew pron &afield nfifth numfifty num fight (fought, fought ) v& n fill vfilm nfinal afind (found, found)vfine afinger nfinish vfire nfirst num,a& adfish nfisherman nfit a & vfive numfix vflag nflat nfloor nflower nflu nfly1 (flew, flown) vfly2nfollow vfood nfoot (pl. feet) nfootball nfor prepforce vforeign aforeigner nforest nforget (forgot, forgot) vfork nform nforty numforward adfour numfourteen numfourth numfox nfree afreeze (froze, frozen) vfresh aFriday nfridge (=refrigerator) nfriend nfriendly afriendship nfrog nfrom prepfront a & nfruit nfull afun nfunny afurniture nfuture nGgame ngarden ngate ngeneral agentleman n geography ngesture nget (got, got) vgift ngiraffe ngirl ngive (gave, given) v glad aglass nglove ngo (went, gone) vgoat ngod ngold n & agolden agood ( better, best) a goodbye (bye-bye) interj goose (pl. geese) n government ngrade ngrammar ngrandchild n granddaughter n grandma = grandmother n grandpa = grandfather n grandparent n grandson ngranny n grape ngrass ngreat agreen a & n greeting nground ngroup ngrow (grew, grown) v guard nguess vguest nguitar ngun ngym = gymnasium n Hhabit nhair nhalf a & nhall nham nhamburger nhand nhandbag n handsome a handwriting nhang (hung, hung) v happen vhappy ahard ad & a hardly adhat nhate v&nhave ( has, had, had)v he pronhead nheadache nhealth nhealthy ahear (heard, heard) v heart nheat nheaven nheavy aheight nhello (hi) interjhelp v &nhelpful ahen nher pronhere adhero nherself pronhide (hid, hidden) vhigh ahill nhim pronhimself pronhis pronhistory nhit (hit, hit ) vhobby nhold (held, held) vhole nholiday nhome n &ad hometown nhomework nhonest ahonour (Am honor) n & v hope n & vhorse nhospital nhot ahotdog nhotel nhour nhouse nhousework nhow adhowever ad & conjhuge ahuman a &n humorous ahundred numhungry ahurry vhurt (hurt,hurt)vhusband nII pronice nice-cream n idea nif conjill aillness nimagine v immediately ad important a impossible a improve vin prepinch ninclude v increase v &n India nIndian a & n industry n influence n information nink ninside prepinsist vinstead ad instruction n intention n interest n interesting a international n Internet n interview n &v into prep introduce v introduction n invent v invention ninvite viron n &v island nit prop.its pronitself pronJjacket n January nJapan nJapanese n & a jeans njob njoin vjoke n &vjoy njuice nJuly njump vJune njust a & adKkeep (kept, kept)v key nkeyboard nkick v & nkid nkill vkilo = kilogram n kilometre nkind1akind2nking nkiss n & v kitchen nkite nknee nknife (pl. knives)n knock v & nknow (knew, known) v knowledge nLlab= laboratory n labour (Am labor) n lady nlake nlamb nlamp nland n & v language nlarge alast a &vlate a &ad laugh n & vlaw nlay (laid, laid) vlazy alead (led, led) vleader nleaf (pl. leaves)nlearn (learnt, learnt)vleast nleave (left, left)vleft a & nleg nlemonade nlend (lent, lent) vlesson nlet (let, let) vletter nlevel nlibrary nlicense nlie1(lay, lain) vlie2v & nlife nlift vlight n, v &alike v & prepline nlion nlist n &vlisten vlittle alitter (less, least) v& n live vlively alock n & vLondon nlonely along alook v & nlose (lost, lost) vlot nloud alove v & nlovely alow a & adluck nlucky alunch nMmachine nmad amadam = madame n magazine nmagic amail nmain amake (made, made) vman (pl. men)nmanage vmanager nmany ( more, most)pron & a map nMarch nmark n & vmarket nmarriage nmarry vmaster v &nmatch v & nmath(s) = mathematics nmay modal vMay nmaybe adme pronmeal nmean (meant, meant) v meaning nmeat nmedical amedicine nmeet (met, met)vmeeting nmember nmemory nmend vmention n & vmessage nmenu nmetal n & amethod nmetre (Am meter) nmiddle n might modal vmile nmilk nmind n & vmine pronminute nmirror nmiss1nmiss2vmistake (mistook, mistaken) v &n model nmodern amom (Am mum) nmoment nMonday nmoney nmonitor nmonkey nmonth nmoon nmore a , ad &nmorning nmost a &admother nmotorcycle nmountain nmouse (pl. mice) nmouth nmove vmovie nMr. (mister)nMrs. (mistress)nMs. nmuch amurder vmuseum nmusic nmust modal vmy pronmyself pronNname nnational anatural anature nnear anearly adnecessary aneck nneed modal v,v&n neighbour (Am neighbor)n neither anervous anever adnew anews nnewspaper nnext a &adnice anight nnine numnineteen numninety numninth numno ad & anobody n& pronnod vnoise nnone pronnoodle nnoon nnor conjnormal anorth a & nnorthern anose nnot adnote n & vnotebook nnothing pronnotice n & v November nnow adnumber nnurse nOOK adobject nocean nOctober nof prepoff prep &adoffer v & n office nofficer noften adoil nold aon preponce n , ad & conj one num & pron oneself prononly adopen a & voperation nor conjorange a & norder v &nother pron & aour pronourselves pronout adoutside n , ad & prep over prep & ad overcoat nown a &vowner nPP.C.= personal computer n P.E.= physical education n Pacific n & a package npage npaint npair npalace npale apancake npanda npaper npardon nparent npark1npark2vpart nparty npass vpassage npassenger npassport npast n , a &preppath npatient1npatient2 apay (paid, paid)vpeace npear npen npence npencil npenny npeople npercent nperfect aperhaps adperiod nperson npersonal apet nphone = telephone v & n photo = photograph n physics npiano npick vpicnic npicture npie npiece npig npilot nping-pong npink n & apioneer npity nplace n &vplain a &nplan n & vplane nplanet nplant v & nplastic n & aplate nplay vplayground npleasant a please vpleasure nplenty npocket npoem npoint v &npolice npoliceman (policewoman) n policy npolite apond npool npoor apop = popular apopular apopulation npork nposition npossible apost vpostcard npostman npotato npound npractice npractise (Am pratice) v praise n &vprepare vpresent npresident npretty aprevent vprice npride nprimary aprint vprison nprisoner nprivate aprize nprobably adproblem nproduce vprogramme (Am program) n progress n & vpromise n & vpronounce v pronunciation n proper aprotect vproud aprove vprovide vpublic a & n pull v & n punish vpupil npurple a & n purpose npurse npush n &vput (put, put)vQquarter nqueen nquestion nquick a & ad quiet aquite adRrabbit nrace nradio nrailway nrain v &n raincoat nrainy araise vrapid arat nrather adreach vread (read, read) v ready areal arealise (Am realize) v really adreason nreceive v recent arecite vrecord v & n recorder nred a & nrefuse vregard vregret n& vrelation nrelax vremain vremember vrepair n & vrepeat vreply v & nreport n & vrequire vresearch nrest n &v restaurant nresult nretell vreturn vreview v &nrice nrich aride (rode, ridden) v riddle nright n & aring (rang, rung) v & n rise (rose, risen) vrisk nriver nroad nrobot nrock nrole nroom nrope nrose nround ad , prep & a row vrubber nrubbish nrule n & vruler nrun (ran, run) vrush vRussia nRussian n & aSsad asafe a & nsafety nsail n & vsalad nsale nsalt nsame n & asand nsandwich nsatisfy vSaturday nsausage nsave vsay (said, said) vscarf nschool nschoolbag nscience nscientist nscore n & vscreen nsea nsearch n & vseason nseat nsecond num, a & n secret nsecretary nsee (saw, seen) vseem vseldom adsell (sold, sold) vsend (sent, sent) vsense nsentence nseparate v & a September nserious a servant nserve vservice nset (set, set) v & n seven numseventeen numseventh numseventy numseveral pron & a shake(shook, shaken) v shall (should) aux &v shame nshape n & vshare vshe pronsheep (pl. sheep)nshelf （pl. shelves）n. shine (shone, shone) vship nshirt nshoe nshop nshort ashorts nshould modal vshoulder nshout n & vshow (showed, shown) v shower nshut (shut, shut) vshy asick aside nsight nsilence nsilent asilk nsilly asilver nsimilar asimple asince prep, conj &ad sing (sang, sung) vsingle asir nsister nsit (sat, sat) vsituation nsix numsixteen numsixth numsixty numsize nskate vskill nskirt nsky nsleep(slept, slept) v & nsleepy aslow a &adsmall asmart asmell (-ed, -ed/smelt, smelt) n & v smile n &vsmoke v &nsmooth asnake nsnow v &nsnowy aso ad & conjsoap nsocial asociety nsocks nsofa nsoft asoldier nsolid a & nsome a &pronsomebody pronsomeone pronsomething pronsometimes adsomewhere adson nsong nsoon adsorry asort v &nsound v & nsoup nsour asouth n & asouthern a space nspare aspeak (spoke, spoken) v speaker nspecial aspeech nspeed n &vspell (-ed, -ed; spelt, spelt) v spend (spent, spent) v .spirit nspoon nsport nspread (spread, spread) v spring nsquare nstairs nstamp nstand(stood, stood) v standard n & astar nstart vstate nstation nstay n & vsteal (stole, stolen) vsteel nstep n & vstick (stuck, stuck)v & n still adstomach nstone nstop n &vstore n &vstorm nstory nstrange astranger nstrawberry nstream nstreet nstrict astrong astudent nstudy v &nstupid asubject nsucceed vsuccess nsuccessful asuch ad, pron & a sudden asugar nsuggest vsuggestion nsummer nsun nSunday nsunny a supermarket n supper nsupply v & n suppose vsure a &ad surface nsurprise n & v sweater nsweep (swept, swept) v sweet n & a swim (swam, swum) v swimming nswing nsymbol nTtable ntable tennis ntail ntake (took, taken) v tale ntalk vtall atape ntask ntaste n & vtaxi ntea nteach (taught, taught) v teacher nteam ntechnology n telephone n & v television = TV n tell (told, told) v temperature nten numtenth numtennis ntent nterm nterrible atest v & ntext nthan conjthank v &nthat a, pron & conj the art.theatre (Am theatre) n their pronthem pron themselves pronthen adthere int, n &ad these pronthey pronthick athin athing nthink (thought, thought)v third numthirsty athirteen numthirty numthis a & pronthose a & pron though conjthought nthousand numthread nthree numthrough prep & ad throw (threw, thrown) v Thursday nticket ntidy atie v &ntiger ntill conj & preptime ntiny atired ato preptoday ad &n together adtoilet ntomato ntomorrow ad &n ton ntongue ntonight adtoo adtool ntooth (pl. teeth)n toothache n toothbrush n toothpaste ntop ntotal a & ntouch v & ntour ntourist ntoward(s) preptowel ntower ntown ntoy ntrade ntraditional atraffic ntrain n & v training ntranslate vtravel v &n treasure n treatment ntree ntrip ntrouble v & n trousers ntruck ntrue atrust vtruth ntry vT-shirt nTuesday nturn n &v twelfth numtwelve num twentieth numtwenty numtwice adtwo numUugly aumbrella nuncle nunder prepunderground a & n understand (understood, understood) v unit nuniversity nunless conjuntil prep & conjup ad &prepupon prepupstairs adus pronuse n & vused auseful ausual aVvacation nvalue nVCD nvegetable nvehicle nvery advictory nvideo nvillage nviolin nvisit v &nvisitor nvoice nvolleyball nWwait vwake (woke, woken)vwalk v &nwall nwant vwar nwarm awarn vwash vwaste n& vwatch n &vwater nwatermelon nway nwe pronweak awealth nwear (wore, worn) vweather nwebsite nWednesday nweek nweekday nweekend nweigh vweight nwelcome awell (better, best) a , ad & n west a &nwestern awet awhale nwhat pron& awhatever conj& pronwheat nwheel nwhen conj &adwhenever conjwhere adwhether conjwhich conjwhile conj&nwhite a & nwho pronwhole awhom pronwhose pronwhy ad &intwide awife nwill (would)modal vwin (won, won)n wind nwindow nwindy awine nwing nwinner nwinter nwise awish n &vwith prepwithout prepwolf nwoman (pl. women) n wonder vwonderful awood nword nwork v & n worker nworld nworry vworth awould modal v wound v & nwrite (wrote, written)v wrong aXX-rayYyard nyear nyellow a & nyes adyesterday n & ad yet adyou pronyoung ayour pronyourself pron yourselves pronZzebra nzero n & numzoo21。