Nelson Mandela
Was born on July 18, 1918;
Jointly established the African National Congress Youth League (ANCYL) in 1944;
Was imprisoned (1962-1990)
Was awarded, with F. W. de Klerk, Nobel Peace Prize in 1993;
manual labor, but also saved them long trips to and from the quarry so that they now had time and energy for things they were unable to do in the past Liberating: He found the end of manual labor liberating. He felt liberated.
seeds, and then watch, cultivate, and harvest the results (metaphors, 9) -like gardeners, leaders must take responsibility for what they cultivate. (simile, 9)
His elegant style of writห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ng
A happy combination of abstract and specific words -abstract: liberating, fulfilled satisfaction, pride, contact,
freedom, cultivate, nourish -specific: start a garden, plant, watch, harvest The use of parallel structures (2,8) The use of figurative language -leaders must also look after their gardens; they, too, plant
The news was a bit surprising. Everybody was surprised.
…to pursue what became two of my favorite hobbies on Robben Island (1)
pursue: to continue trying to do or achieve sth over a long period of time e.g to pursue a career, goal, hobby, etc
Was elected the first black President of South Africa in 1994;
(He and Winnie Mandela) divorced in 1996;
Resigned from his office without seeking a second term in 1999
pea 豌豆 spinach 菠菜
fennel 茴香
marrow 西葫芦 香瓜，甜瓜
lettuce莴苣，生菜 melon
In early 1977, the authorities announced the end of manual labor and arranged some type of work for us to do in the courtyard, so we could spend our days in our section. (1)
favorite: (adj) best liked or most enjoyed e.g Who is your favorite writer?
favorite: (n) 1) sth that you like more than others of the same kind; 2) sb who is liked and treated better than others
health authorities
military authorities
China authorities
manual labor: in the past, mandela and other political prisoners were made to work in a quarry cutting stones, which was very hard manual labor.
one: (formal) people in general, including yourself, any person e.g. Great works of literature make one think. One never knows what the weather would be.
get satisfaction from sth find satisfaction in sth take satisfaction in/from sth: to feel happy or find
pleasure in sth e.g. She finds great satisfaction in helping her neighbors to learn English. The boy gets satisfaction from teaching his grandpa how to use the computer. He used to take satisfaction in making fun of others.
Note: in everyday English, people usually use “you” rather than “one” e.g. You know, you can be rich and unhappy.
If you smoke too much, you may harm your lungs.
doing useful or important things empty of sth: completely without sth e.g. The restaurant was almost empty of customers. The street was empty of traffic. organize: to arrange things so that they can be found or
Mahatma Gandhi Nelson Mandela Aung San Suu Kyi
他是现代印度的国父，是印度最伟 大的政治领袖，也是现代民族资产 阶级政治学说——甘地主义的创始 人。他的精神思想带领国家迈向
独立，脱离英国的殖民统治。他的 “非暴力”(ahimsa)的哲学思想， 影响了全世界的民族主义者和争取 能以和平变革的国际运动。
Apartheid
The policy of white government of South Africa from 1950 to the early 1990s
Discrimination (racial segregation)
Three major racial groups: White, Bantu(black Africans) and Colored (people of mixed descent), added by a fourth category (Asians, Indians and Pakistanis)
develop: to create sth over a period of time develop methods/plans/a new theory
One can feel fulfilled by…,by…,by… (2) feel fulfilled: to feel happy and satisfied because you are
e.g Would like more apple pies? It’s your favorite. His second daughter was her grandma’s favorite.
To survive in prison one must develop ways to take satisfaction in one’s daily life. (2)
…one can find the same pride in doing small things…(2)
take/find pride in (doing) sth: to feel very pleased about sth or sb (Para. 2) e.g.
The little town takes great pride in their recent achievements. The children take pride in wearing school uniform.
garlic sprout 蒜苗 potato 马铃薯
sweet potato 番薯，红薯
pepper 胡椒粉，辣椒
onion 洋葱 green onion叶用葱
lotus root 藕 rape 油菜
snake gourd 丝瓜 white/wax gourds 冬瓜
gourd 葫芦 soy 大豆
昂山素季（台湾译为翁山苏 姬，港澳译为昂山素姬，马 新译为昂山舒吉，拉丁转写： Aung San Suu Kyi，1945年 6月19日－）生于缅甸仰光， 是缅甸非暴力提倡民主的政 治家。1990年带领全国民主 联盟赢得大选的胜利，但选 举结果被军政府作废。其后 21年间她被军政府断断续续 软禁于其寓所中长达15年， 在2010年11月13日终于获释。 1990年获得萨哈罗夫奖，翌 年获得诺贝尔和平奖。