称谓翻译有讲究各种“副”职译法大不同2012年11月14日09:27沪江英语网我要评论(0)字号:T|T"副"字在英语中可以用vice、deputy、assistant、associate、under、sub 等词表示。
副总裁Vice President国防部副部长(美国)Deputy Secretary of Defence副总经理Assistant General Manager副国务卿Under Secretary of State副州长(副总督) Lieutenant Governor(学院)副院长Sub-dean of School根据我国的翻译实践,表达"副"的含义用的最广泛的是Vice 和Deputy。
Vice 和Deputy 并无本质区别,在实际使用时究竟选用哪个,纯属搭配习惯。
一般来说,vice与president、premier、chairman、minister、governor 搭配;deputy 与director、chief、head 、secretary、dean、mayor 搭配。
似乎可以认为,Vice比Deputy的搭配级别要高。
如:国家副主席(或大学副校长)Vice President副主席(或系副主任等)Vice Chairman副总理Vice Premier副部长Vice Minister副省长Vice Governor副领事Vice Consul副校长(中小学)Vice Principal以下情况常用Deputy:副局长Deputy Director副秘书长Deputy Secretary-General副书记Deputy Secretary副市长Deputy Mayor副县长Deputy Chief Executive副村长Deputy Village Head副院长(学院)Deputy Dean副总编Deputy Editor-in-Chiefassociate用作"副"时一般用于职称。
副教授Associate Professor副研究员Associate Research Fellow副主编Associate Editor-in-Chief副编审Associate Senior Editor副研究馆员Associate Research Fellow副译审Associate Senior Translator副主任医师Associate Senior DoctorAssistant 也可作"副"解释,如:副经理Assistant Manager但我们知道,assistant 原本含义是"助理"。
当我们把"副经理"译成assistant manager 时,那么"经理助理"怎么译?另外,assistant manager和另一种副经理deputy manager之间有什么区别?要弄清以上情况,先得看看Assistant 和Deputy在美国的用法,以美国联邦财政部金融管理局(Financial Management Service)为例,该局局长称作Commissioner,紧接着Commissioner的二号人物称Deputy Commissioner,相当于我们中国的第一副局长,然后是多名分管各个不同科室的副局长,如分管联邦金融事务的副局长(Assistant Commissioner, Federal Finance)、分管金融运营事务的副局长(Assistant Commissioner, Financial Operations)、分管政府部门会计事务的副局长(Assistant Commissioner, Governmentwide Accounting)等等无论是美国政府还是企业机构几乎都是一样,即Deputy 作为第一副职,往往只设一个,而Assistant 却可以有多个。
比如在一家美国公司里,既有Deputy General Manager,又有Assistant General Manager,都可以译成"副总经理",但其地位是前者(相当于我们的常务副总)高于后者。
至于比“副总经理”地位更低的“总经理助理”,则可译为:Assistant to General Manager。
如:总经理私人助理-Personal Assistant to GM、总经理特别助理-Special Assistant to GM。
在我国的行政机构内,"助理"往往指的是未经过立法机关认可的副职,如“市长助理”,其职责和级别相当于副市长,但地位显然低一些。
这跟英语中的情况是相似的,本来也可套用上述译法,即将常务副市长、副市长、市长助理分别译作:Deputy Mayor、Assistant Mayor、Assistant to Mayor。
但是,我们已经习惯于将“副市长” 统统译成Deputy Mayor, “市长助理” 译成Assistant Mayor,而将“常务副市长” 译成First Deputy Mayor,此种译法已广泛接受,不宜改译。
·水落石出有人照字直译为:As thewater level sinks, the stones are exposed。
这样说,恐怕老外还是听不懂。
他们的说法是:All secrets may eventually come tolight. (所有祕密最后总会曝光。
)也可以说:Eventually, every secret will bedisclosed。
·烈火炼真金,患难见真情有人译成:Fire is the test of gold;adversity is the test of friendship。
这句译文,虽然很好,老外也能了解,但是他们还有另外的说法:Liquor brings out a person's truecolor。
(烈酒能显示一个人真正的特色)或者说:Wine reveals a person's true heart。
虽然老外不用“烈火炼真金”的比喻,但有“路遥知马力”的说法:By a long road, we know a horse'sstrength;at times of difficulty, we discover a friend's true character。
·雷声大,雨点小有人译为:The thunder roars loudly, but little rain falls. 或者说:All we hear isthunder, but no rain falls。
虽然这样直译比较容易理解,但是老外的说法是这样的:Actions speak louder than words. (行动胜于言谈)或Allwe hear is words, but there is no action. (只动嘴不动手)或Actionsand words should go hand in hand. (言行必须一致)另外,还有英语(论坛)里还有这样的说法:An empty barrel makes biggest sound。
(空洞的话说得太多了。
)·人不可貌相,海水不可斗量有人译为:A man can not be known by his look, nor can the ocean be measured by a dipper。
这样的译法只是直译,如果能够稍加修改,老外就能了解:A man can not be judged by his appearance, nor can the water in the sea b emeasured by a bucket。
不过,老外通常的说法是这样的:We can not judge a person by appearance only. 或You can notjudge a book by its cover。
(意思是:一本书的好坏取决于它的内容,而不是它的封面装帧的漂亮与否。
)·少壮不努力,老大徒伤悲有人译成If you neglect study when you are young, what may happento your old age?这句问句会把老外问得云里雾里,因为他们沒有“学而优则仕”的思想,也不认为功课差,将来就会伤悲。
他们劝告子女经常说的是Studying / working hard can lead you to a br ighter / morepromising future. (努力用功会带给你光明的前程。
)当然也可以对年轻人说:Study hard when you are young. It willpay off when you get older. (年轻时好好努力,到老的时就会觉得学有所值。
)·一日为师,终身为父有这样的译法:He who teaches me for one day is myfather for life。
If you are my teacher for even one day,you will be my teacher (mentor) all m y life。
He who teaches me may be considered myfather-figure for life。
这几种译法意思都是“老师即使对我只有一天的教诲,也会让我一生都受用不尽。
”外国人也有他们表达师生关系的谚语,如:Teach others to fish and they will fishfor a lifetime. (授人以鱼,不如授人以渔) Give a man fish, he will have a meal;teach him to fish, he will have food all his life。
·近墨者黑,近朱者赤有人直译为:One who stays near vermilion getsstained red, and one who stays near ink g ets stained black. (vermilion 是朱砂或鲜红色的意思)也有人译成:When you touch black, you become black;when you touch red, you become r ed。