英语教学法流派 Approaches and Methods in Language Teaching
何东方
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Review The Grammar-Translation Method
Definition: It means to translate from mother tongue to target language.That is to say,the method teaches foreign language with grammar explaination and translation exercise.
电子技术为核心的知识、技术技术密集型产业发展很快。 ➢ 听说法是20世纪40年代末在美国形成的外语教学法。二战期间，美国军
队进驻很多国家，军人急需掌握外语，特别是通过军队外语培训等教学 活动，创立了听说法。 ➢ 20世纪60年代末70年代初，随着另一门新兴学科社会语言学的诞生，社 会语言学家提出了“交际能力”的概念，在外语教学界引起了强烈的反 响，交际教学法学派随即迅速崛起。 ➢ 在交际法的带动下，20世纪70年代还兴起了人文主义教学法，主要包括 沉默法（the silent way）、提示法（suggestopedia）、社区式语言学习 （community language learning）和全身反应教学法（the total physical response method）等新型的外语教学法。这些教学法的共同特点是强调 学生是教学的主体。除了分析学生的需要和学习过程外，还注意学生学 习外语的心理特点，努力创造条件，排除学生学习外语时的心理障碍。 4
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外语教学简史
一、500年前，
➢ 15世纪以前，在西欧、拉丁语处于主流地位，不仅用于日常口语
交际，而且是教育、商务和政府的通用语言。
➢ 拉丁语是外语，外语教学的历史在公元前就存在了。
二、16世纪一19世纪
➢ 从16世纪起，法语、意大利语、英语开始受到重视，成为口语交
际的主要媒体。
三、19世纪直接法的出现
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Direct Method
Main characteristics:
a. Students learn to think in the target language. b. Meaning is prestented by related directly to the physical world. c. Target language is the language of instruction and communication in the classroom. d. Correct pronunciation is emphasized. e. Spoken language is preferred to written language. f. The basic unit of language is the sentence.
Time: Mid-19th to early 20th century
Content design, 10 years experience
Definition：It is a method of foreign or second language teaching which insists that only the target language should be used in class and meaning should be communicated “directly”by associating speech forms with actions, objects,gestures and situations. It emphasizes the importance of spoken language. Therefore holds that reading and writing should be taught only after speaking .
➢ 不以其它母语为媒介，直接学习一种语言;像儿童学习母语一样学
习目的语的口语。
➢ 19世纪50, 60年代的西欧国家酝酿着一场外语教学的革新运动，但
是也有发展，其矛头是语法翻译法。
➢ 改革动力来自社会需求:资本主义发展，国际贸易增多，要使用口
语交流。
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外语教学简史
➢ 1886年国际语音学会成立和国际音标的制定推动了直接法的形成和发展。 四、二十世纪 ➢ 20世纪人类社会科学技术突飞猛进，特别是电子计算机出现以后，以微
1960s
The Direct Method
1950s
1920s-1930s
The Natural Approach
Task Based Language Teaching
Communicative
ing
Total Physical Response
外语教学法的发展
Developments in English Language Teaching Methodology
16th Century 17th Century 18th Century 19th Century 20th Century
GrammarTranslation
1980s
1970s
Features Deductive method is usually used in the studying progress:
esplain the grammar rules first, then use examples to clarity, and consolidate the rules with practice; Inductive method: use examples first and then conclide the grammar tules. Use mother-tongue to teach mainly.
Suggestopedia Community Language
The Audiolingual
Method
The Oral Approach
and Situational Language Teaching
Learning
5
The Direct Method
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