1. trigger v. 引发trigger a debate/war 引发战争The odour of food may trigger people's appetite.食物的香味能引起人的食欲。

2. triumph n. 胜利The winning team returned home in triumph.球队凯旋而归。

3. transient a. 短暂的Their happiness was transient,for the war broke out soon after they got married. 他们的幸福是短暂的，因为他们婚后不久就爆发了战争。

4. thrive v. 繁荣=prosperA business cannot thrive without good management.没有良好的经营管理，事业就不会兴旺发达。

5. universal a. 普遍的These phenomena is very universal.这些现象己经非常普遍了。

6. utilize v. 利用How can we utilize his knowledge and skill to our advantage?我们如何来利用他的知识和技术才对我们有利？7. variation n. 变动the variation in temperature 温度变化Prices are subject to variation.价格可以变动。

8. virtually ad. 实际上It is virtually impossible to predict the future accurately.精确预言未来的事实际上是办不到的。

9. wretched a. 难过的She lamented to us about her wretched lot.她向我们哀叹自己悲惨的遭遇。

10. yield v. 结出The village abounds in fields that yield many bushels of corn.那个村庄到处都是盛产玉米的农田。

1. shift v. 移动；转变shift responsibility on to others 转嫁责任The Left is shifting their ground.左派正在改变立场。

2. strive v. 力求strive for freedom 力求自由The scientists strive for a breakthrough in cancer research. 科学家们力争在癌症研究方面有个突破。

3. submit to v. 屈服=yield toI submit to his wishes.我顺从他的意愿。

4. striking a. 显著的Her big eyes are her most striking feature.大眼睛是她容貌最显著的特点。

5. scrape v. 刮,擦He bent over to scrape some dirt off his shoes. 他弯腰刮掉鞋子上的尘土。

6. sensible a. 合情理的That sounds very sensible to me.我觉得这很合理。

7. submerge v. 淹没I watched the submarine submerge.我望着潜艇潜入水中。

8. stereotype n. 陈规，固定的看法The idea is an old-fashioned stereotype.这观点是老一套了。

9. sustain v. 维持=supportThey had sufficient food to sustain life.他们有足够维持生命的食物。

10. testify v. 作证He testified that he had not seen the accident.他作证说他没有看见那次事故。

1. stray v. 走失Pound the cows so they don't stray.把这些走失的牛关进待领场，这样它们就不会乱跑了。

2. substantial a. 可观的，大量的=considerablea substantial income 一大笔收入Substantial profits accrue when sales take off.当销售额突飞猛进之后，可观的利润就开始自然累积。

3. sufficient a. 充分的We must work hard, but equally we must get sufficient rest. 我们必须努力工作,但同时也要有充分的休息。

4. supplement v./n. 补充He supplemented his income by taking apart-time job.他靠兼职来增加收入。

5. swing v. 摇摆The children were swinging on a rope.孩子们抓着绳子荡来荡去。

6. scope n. 范围This subject is outside the scope of our inquiry.这个问题不在我们探讨的范围之内。

7. seemingly ad. 表面上Any seemingly viable proposition will be tested by market research. 任何表面上可行的建议都要通过市场研究予以检验。

8. speculate v. 猜测The doctors speculate that he died of cancer.医生推测他死于癌症。

9. steep a. 陡的This hill is too steep to ride up on a bicycle.这山太陡了，骑自行车可上不去。

10. summon v. 唤起How can I summon up his courage?如何唤起他的勇气？1. successor n. 继任者I am sure that he is a reliable successor.我确信他是个可靠的接班人。

2. scandal n. 丑闻The scandal caused tempests in the newspaper.那件丑闻在报纸上引起阵阵风波。

3. scatter v. .驱散The police scattered the crowd.警察驱散了人群。

4. sentiment n. 感情He could feel the sentiment stirring within him.他可以感觉到这种情绪在心中波动。

5. severe a. 严重的severe wound 重伤The premier came under severe criticism.这位总理遭到严厉的抨击。

6. shield v. 保护She held her hand above her eyes to shield them from the sun. 她举起手遮挡阳光以保护眼睛。

7. simultaneously a. 同时地The event will be telecast simultaneously to nearly 150 cities.这一盛事将向近150个城市同时进行电视广播。

8. sole a. 唯一的He has the sole agency for Ford car.他有福特汽车的独家代理权。

9. sponsor n. 赞助者A wealthy sponsor came to our rescue with a generous donation. 有个富有的赞助人慷慨捐赠来解救我们。

10. startle v. 惊吓He startled from sleep.他从睡梦中惊醒起来。

444444444441. erect a. 竖直的v. 建造，竖立She held her head erect and her back straight.她昂着头，把背挺得笔直。

They plan to erect an apartment house on that property.他们计划在那片地产上建造一座公寓楼。

2.fax n. /vt. 传真We receive a fax of the order this morning.我们今天上午收到一份传真订单。

My secretary will fax all my travel plans.我的秘书会传真给你我的所有行程。

3. fertile a. 肥沃的；多产的There are fertile fields in the Nile Delta.尼罗河三角洲土地肥沃。

4.fertilizer n. 肥料The stalks will rot and make good fertilizer.杆儿腐烂后会成为很好的肥料。

5. grateful a. 感激的These refugees are very grateful to the government's succor. 这些难民非常感激政府的救援。

6. gratitude n. 感激His heart overflowed with gratitude.他的心里充满了感激之情。

7. horror n. 恐怖He was filled with horror at the bad news.听到这个坏消息，他心里充满恐怖。

8. horrible a. 可怕的The sight of the battlefield was horrible.战场的情景令人毛骨悚然。

9. Internet n. 国际互联网，因特网Internet plays a very important role in modern life. 互联网在现代生活中发挥非常重要的作用。

10.interpret v. 翻译，解释To interpret at the UN is a difficult task.在联合国做口译是件难度很大的差事.She interprets his silence as arrogance.她把他的沉默解释为傲慢。