动词-ing形式小结动词-ing形式概述v.-ing 形式包括传统语法的现在分词和动名词两部分，像动词不定式一样，它既具有动词时态和语态的特征，又具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，它可以在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语、状语、宾语补足语、主语补足语等。
动词-ing形式的时态、语态主动语态被动语态一般式 writing being written完成式 having written having been written否定式 not writingv.-ing形式的一般式V.-ing形式的一般式的构成，表示动作发生在谓语动词动作的同时、之前或之后。
用来泛指动作，没有时间的区分。
Seeking after knowledge is human nature．求知是人的本性。
Travelling abroad can widen one’s outlook．出国旅游会扩大人们的视野。
Eating too much chocolate is bad for your teeth．吃太多的巧克力对你的牙齿有害。
My favourite sport is playing table tennis．我最喜欢的运动是打乒乓球。
行为与主要动作同时发生，表示伴随。
The students came into the classroom laughing and talking．学生们又说又笑地走进了教室。
As she saw me，she came over smiling．她看到我时，笑容可掬地走过来。
Doing the washing up，Connie was planning her holiday．康妮在洗碗的时刻盘算着怎样度假。
行为在主要动作之前或之后。
Antonio remembered sending his mother an email three times last month．安东尼记得上个月给他母亲发了三次电子邮件．(在前)Mr. Lee went out shutting the door behind him．李先生出去后将门随手关上。
(在后)v.-ing形式的完成式v.-ing形式的完成式由“having + v.-ed 形式”构成，表示动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。
Having finished his homework，he went to bed．做完了作业，他去睡觉了。
(先“做作业”，后“去睡觉”)He doesn’t remember having promised me that．他忘记了曾经答应过我那件事。
She regretted having missed the film．她很后悔没看这部电影。
I remember having heard you speak on that subject．我记得曾经听见你谈过这个问题。
I could not recall having heard anyone say that before。
我不记得以前听过谁说这样的话。
That weekend，having watched TV to a while，I went to the library to borrow some new novels．那个周末，我看了一会儿电视，便去了图书馆借了几本新小说。
Having realized why he had failed in the exam，he has made up his mind to work harder from now on．他认识到考试失败的原因后，下决心从现在开始要更加努力地学习。
The decision having been made，the next problem was how to make a good plan．决定已作出，下一个问题是如何制订一个好计划了。
v.-ing形式完成式是表示在谓语动词动作以前完成的动作，而时态的表达主要靠谓语动词来加以确定。
v.-ing形式的被动式一般时的被动式一般时的被动式由“being + v.-ed形式”构成，表示主语是v.-ing形式的动作的承受者。
What’s the subject being discussed at the meeting?会上讨论了什么话题?Being asked to answer the question，she felt a little nervous．叫她回答问题时，她感到有些紧张。
The large building being built(=which is being built) will be our school library．正在建造的那座大楼是我们学校的图书馆。
The highway being built will lead to Tanggu port．正在修建的高速公路将直通塘沽码头。
I still remember being taken to Hangzhou when I was a child．我还记得小时候曾被带到杭州去过。
He did it without being asked．他没有被要求就干了这件事。
This problem is far from being settled．这问题远远没有解决。
The squirrel was lucky．It missed being caught．小松鼠很幸运，它没被抓住。
He hated being laughed at．他不喜欢被人笑话。
He narrowly missed being seriously injured．他差点受了重伤。
You’ll find the topic being discussed everywhere．你会发现到处都在讨论这个话题。
完成时的被动式v.-ing形式的完成时被动式由“having been + v.-ed形式”构成，表示动作发生在谓语动词动作之前。
Having been given such a good chance，how could you not cherish it at all?别人给你这么好的机会，你怎么能一点儿不珍惜?Having been invited，he went to Japan to attend the conference．受到邀请，他去日本出席了这次会议。
The decision having been made，the next problem was how to make a good plan．决定已作出，下一个问题是如何制订一个好计划了。
v.-ing形式的否定式v.-ing形式的否定形式由 not加v.-ing 形式构成。
The boy made his father angry by not taking his medicine．那男孩没吃药，使他父亲生气了。
I regret not being able to help you．没能帮助你我很遗憾。
Not having received an answer，he decided to write again．由于没接到回信，他决定再写一封信。
Not knowing his address and telephone number，we couldn’t get in touch with him．由于不知道他的地址和电话号码，我们无法和他取得联系。
I’m sorry for not being present at your party in time．我很抱歉，没能按时参加你的聚会。
I felt sorry for not having done the work well．我为没有把工作做好而感到很难过。
I’m sorry for not having telephoned you before．很抱歉，没有早给你打电话。
She hated herself for not having worked hard．她悔恨自己没有用功。
Trying without success is better than not trying at all．实验没有成功也比不实验好。
动词-ing形式的应用v.-ing形式作主语Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见(眼见为实)。
(谚语)Playing table tennis is his favourite sport.打乒乓球是他最喜欢的体育运动。
Crossing the Atlantic by plane takes only a few hours.坐飞机横越大西洋只需要几个钟头。
Talking is easier than doing.说比做容易。
下面句型中it是形式主语，v.-ing形式短语是真正主语。
It’s no use talking about it．谈论这件事是没有用的。
I don’t think it’s much good writing to him．我想写信给他不太好.It’s no use crying over spilt milk．事已至此，难过也无益。
(牛奶倒翻了哭也没用)(谚语)注：v.-ing形式作主语通常表示抽象动作或泛指一般情况。
不定式作主语通常表示具体动作或某个特定的情况。
拓展延伸v.-ing形式作主语的用法v.-ing形式作主语还可用于“There be no + v.-ing形式”结构中和布告形式的省略结构中There’s joking about such matters．这种事开不得玩笑。
There’s no telling what he’s going to do.没有人能说出他将要干什么。
No smoking．禁止吸烟。
No parking．禁止停车。
v.-ing形式作主语可以带有表示出来的逻辑主语。
这种逻辑主语不论是名词还是代词通常用所有格。
Tom’s marrying Jenny made his father angry．汤姆和珍妮结婚使他的父亲很生气。
It’s no use your pretending that you didn’t know the rules．你假装不知道这些规定是没用的。
Her going there won’t do any harm．她去那里并不碍事。
v.-ing形式作宾语v.-ing形式可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。
作动词宾语。
能带v.-ing形式作宾语的动词有两类：A．只能带v.-ing形式作宾语；B. 既能带v.-ing形式又能带不定式作宾语。
A类动词：avoid，consider，delay，dislike，enjoy，escape，excuse，finish，give up，cannot help，imagine．include．keep(on)，mind，miss，practise，put off．suggest等。