1. –ing 分词的构成
主动形式
被动形式
一般式 doing
being done
完成式 having done having been done
否定式: not+ --ing/not having(been) done 不是 having not (been) done
2. 一般式和完成式的用法
had enjoyed his stay here.
A. having added B. to add
C. adding
D. added
6.“ Can’t you read?” Mary said __A_ to the notice. A. angrily pointing B. and pointed angrily C. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointing
regret 遗憾去做某事
后悔做过某事
mean 打算/想做某事 意味着做某事
go on （做完某事）接着去 继续做同一件事 做另一件事
stop 停下来去做另一件事 停止做一件事
try 努力去做某事
试着做某事
3）--ing 分词作表语。如： Our job is playing all kinds of music. The music they are playing sounds so exciting.
8. The computer center, _D__ last year, is very popular among the students in this school.
A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened
9. The first textbooks_D__ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
is standing at the gate
另外，-ing分词的完成式不能作定语。例如 不可以说：The man having written many books is a former student of our school.应改为
The man who has written many books is…
（2）所修饰词的性质特征。如： exciting news 令人激动的消息 a moving story 一个令人感动的故事
(3)所修饰名词正在进行的动作，可以换成定语 从句形式。如：
a sleeping child (=a child who is sleeping) 正睡觉的孩子
a walking man (= a man who is walking) 正散步的男人 注：分词短语作定语须放在所修饰词之后，例 如：the man standing at the gate=the man who
He turned off the light, seeing nothing.
5. -ing分词的复合结构 物主代词/人称代词/名词所属格或普通名词 +ing分词
(1) 作主语（须用物主代词或名词所属格）
His/Tom’s not being chosen made us disappointed.
Walking across the street, a car knocked him down.应改为：
Walking across the street, he was knocked down by a car. He walking across the street, a car knocked him down.
C. prepared D was preparing
4. She’s upstairs _D__ letters.
A. writes B. is writing
C. write D writing
5. The visiting Minister expressed his
satisfaction with his talks,C__ that he
5) 在see,hear,feel,watch,notice等感官动词后 可以用-ing形式做宾语补足语。这时-ing 形式 和句子的宾语之间存在着逻辑上的主谓关系， 并且-ing 形式表示宾语正在进行的动作。如：
He saw a boy climbing the tree. Do you hear someone knocking at the door? 有人敲门你听见了吗?
a tailor's shop.
(After )Finishing my work, I went out. Having told us a funny story, the teacher went on to explain the text to us
(3)-ing分词可以作原因状语，常放句首。 如： Being ill, he can't go to school. Not knowing her address, we couldn't get in
注：一般来讲，--ing分词作表语有两种情况， 一是名词性，这时主语和表语可以互换。即： Playing all kinds of music is our job. 二是形容词性，表示主语的性质和特征， 主表不可互换。
4） -ing分词作定语可以表示 (1) 所修饰名词的用途。如： a waiting room(=a room for waiting) 候车室 a walking stick(=a stick for walking) 手杖 a sleeping car (= a car for sleeping) 卧车
Having been praised by the teacher, he works even harder.
4. ---ing分词的句法功能
1) ---ing 分词作主语 Learning English has become a parቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ of his life. It is no use trying to repair the ship. These holes are much too big.
(2)作宾语(除了物主代词和名词所有格，也可用普 通名词或代词宾格）
He was awakened by someone’s knocking
at the door.
They have never forgiven us going there. We don’t mind him explaining it again. My friend can’t understand your treating him like that.
要点讲解
Make them easier for you to remember !
tips
避免 错过 少延期 avoid miss put off/ postpone 建议 完成 多练习 suggest finish practise 喜欢 想像 禁不住 enjoy imagine can’t help 承认 否定 与嫉妒 admit deny envy 逃避 冒险 莫原谅 escape risk excuse 忍受 保持 不介意 stand keep mind
3. ---ing分词的被动式
当－ing 分词与它的逻辑主语构成被 动关系时，需要用被动形式。根据－ing 分词动作发生的时间，－ing分词的被动 式分为一般被动式(being done)和完成被 动式(having been done), 如：
The question being discussed is very important.
(3)作状语 （须用普通名词或主格代词,亦称 独立主格结构） Time permitting, we’ll deal with the text. The boy was playing with a ball, his mother standing nearby.
典型错误： Reading in bed in my room, someone knocked Raetathdeindgoionr.b应ed改in为m：y room, I heard someone knocking at the door. I reading in bed in my room, someone knocked at the door.
touch with her. Having lived in the city for many years, he
knows it very well.
(4)-ing分词可以作条件状语，常放句首。
Turning to the right, you’ll find the post office there. (5)-ing分词可以作结果状语，常放句末。
A. having written
B. to be written
C. being written
D. written
2) ---ing分词作宾语 以下动词必须跟---ing分词作宾语：admit/
appreciate/avoid/consider/delay/deny/dislike/enjoy /escape/excuse//fancy/finish/imagine/keep/mind/ miss/postpone/put off/practise/resist/risk/stand/ stop/ suggest/ give up/cannot help(禁不住）
Compare: Did you notice a man enter the room just now? 你注意到有个人刚才进了屋子吗？