incorrect view motivation as personal trail Motivation--Motivation--- refers to the process by which a person’s efforts are energized, directed, and sustained toward attaining a goal. Three key elements: energy, direction, and persistence.
Distributive justice Procedural justice
Contemporary Theories of Motivation
Expectancy Theory
States that an individual tends to act in a certain way based on the expectation that the act will be followed by a given outcome and on the attractiveness of that outcome to the individual. individual.
Early theories of motivation
traditional view
Satisfied Dissatisfied
Herzberg’s view
Motivators Satisfaction No satisfaction Hygiene factors No dissatisfaction Dissatisfaction
V{tÑàxÜ
16
Motivating Employees
Team member:
Cynthia Fengxuan Elsie Christina
InIn-house training monthly conference set up an e-mail address eextra holidays
Contemporary Theories of Motivation
Equity Theory
Contemporary Theories of Motivation
Equity Theory
Employee responses to perceived inequities:
Distort own or others’ ratios. others’ Induce others to change their own inputs or outcomes. Change own inputs or outcomes. Choose a different comparison. Quit theirories of Motivation
ThreeThree-Needs Theory (McClelland) (McClelland)
Need for achievement (nAch) (nAch) Need for power (nPow) (nPow) Need of affiliation (nAff) (nAff)
Early theories of motivation
Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory
physiological safety needs social needs esteem needs self-actualization needs
Early theories of motivation
Contemporary Theories of Motivation
Equity Theory
Proposes that employees perceive what they get from a job situation (outcomes) in relation to what they put in (inputs) and then compare their inputs-outcomes ratio with the inputsinputsinputs-outcomes ratios of relevant others. others.
Contemporary Theories of Motivation
Expectancy Theory
Expectancy Relationships
Expectancy Instrumentality Valence
Integrating Contemporary Theories of Motivation
McGregor's theory x and theory y
theory x theory y
Early theories of motivation
Herzberg’s two-factor theory(motivation-hygiene theory)
hygiene factors motivators
Contemporary Theories of Motivation
GoalGoal-Setting Theory
Contemporary Theories of Motivation
Reinforcement Theory
Assumes that a desired behavior is a function of its consequences, is externally caused, and if reinforced, is likely to be repeated. repeated.
Contemporary Theories of Motivation
ThreeThree-Needs Theory GoalGoal-Setting Theory Reinforcement Theory Designing Motivating Jobs Equity Theory Expectancy Theory
CrossCross-cultural Challenges
Current issues in motivation
Motivating Unique Groups of Workers
Motivating a diverse workforce Motivating professionals Motivating Contingent Workers Motivating Low-Skilled, MinimumLowMinimumWage Employees
Early theories of motivation
Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory. McGregor's theory x and theory y Herzberg’s two-factor theory(motivation-hygiene theory)
Current issues in motivation
Designing Appropriate Rewards Programs
OpenOpen-book management Employee recognition programs Pay-forPay-for-performance Stock option programs