翻译部分英文原文Mining subsidence caused by mining environmental disastersKeywords: land reclamation of mining subsidence ；subsidence controlLarge-scale exploitation of coal mine and its surrounding environment has resulted in serious damage to an increasingly prominent mining subsidence mining environmental disasters caused by land subsidence or mainly water, agricultural production or no production, road collapse, deformation and damage, such as housing, which are is a mining-induced rock movement, is caused by mining subsidence and regional disasters, the source of deformation, the effective control and reduce the degree of ground subsidence is the root of the problem to resolve this way. With the improved form of coal, have increased the Group's control environment and governance, the cause of the coal is reactive in that will benefit future generations.1. Subsidence means of control techniquesSubsidence damage control measures will be considered in two ways; (1) the control of mining subsidence, that is, through the rational choice of mining methods and technology, rational arrangement of mining face, take underground filling law, separation of overlying strata with measures such as space filling to reduce surface subsidence, control the speed and extent of surface subsidence, to protect surface and ground built structures with the purpose of arable land. (2) mining subsidence damage restoration and remediation, the use of land reclamation technology and building anti-mining deformation technology, mining subsidence damage remediation and use of land.1.1.1 All backfill miningIn the coal after mining has yet to take off before the roof with a solid material to be dense goaf filling, so that only yields a small amount of roof rock sinking in order to reduce surface subsidence and deformation of the ground to protect the building, structure or purpose of farmland . Which is the filling of water and sediment filling in the mining method to reduce the effect of surface preparation methods subsidence, followed by the wind and filling away from the filling of waste. However, filling mining method of filling the need for specialized equipment and facilities, but also the need for adequate filling material. Initial investment of mine, and tons of coal a corresponding increase in cost.1.1.2 strip miningBased on coal and overlying strata combination of conditions, according to a certain ratio of mining to remain in the coal seam was mined in a recovery to retain one. As a resultof strip mining is only part of the underground mining of coal resources, coal in order to retain a portion of coal overlying strata cylindrical support. Thereby reducing the overburden rock movement, control the movement and deformation of the surface to achieve on the ground to build structures of protection. However, the methods of the low rate of recovery, tunnel boring, and inefficient working.1.1.3 Filling the cover rock band separationMined-out area in accordance with the top of the cover rock band mobile form a three-shift characteristics of the rock, in coal mining after a certain time interval, with drilling to the separation of space with high-pressure grouting, filling, reinforced with separation of space, will be mining the reinforced masonry beam structure for better stability of the continuous beam structures, so that separation of space with the sink is no longer transfer to the surface in order to reduce or mitigate surface subsidence, the protection of ground built structures or farmland. However, the technical difficulty, and then further study.1.1.4 Mining thick limitAccording to the mining area topography, hydro-geological conditions and building the capacity of anti-deformation structures in order to not produce the surface water and to meet the requirements of the protection of buildings based on grades to determine the thickness of coal seam can be mined, mining is only the thickness of the coal mining, none of the remaining coal mining, in order to achieve reduction in the protection of ground subsidence building, structures and land use. However, the low rate of recovery techniques, only the application of thin coal seam a certain value.1.1.5 Coordination of the exploitation ofSlice mining thick coal seam, the rational design of the exploitation of the working face spacing, location and exploitation of the order of each other, so that a coal mining (face) surface deformation generated by coal and the exploitation of another (face) surface deformation arising from mutual offset or partially offset to reduce the mining of surface deformation caused by the protection of ground built structures. However, the technology's fault in order to maintain a certain distance, it is difficult to organize production. China has yet to carry out such industrial experiment.1.1.6 "Picking - Note - adopted" three-step extractionTake full advantage of the structure of overburden rock strata movement of the control, application of the principle of load replacement for small strip mining - the consolidation grouting filling goaf - strip mining the remaining three-step extraction method, effective mobility and the surface of the rock subsidence control, to solve the large-scale exploitation of ground subsidence control, increased the rate of coal mining, the protection of the ground built structures, but there are complex processes, such as the shortcomings of higher cost.II. Land Reclamation Technology2.2.1 Reclamation of coal gangue and fly ash filling Filling Reclamation(1) generated a large number of underground mining to surface emissions of coal gangue, is there an area of pollution of the environment. The use of coal waste as filling material, so that mining can restore damaged land and reducing the amount of waste to.(2) the use of plant waste - fly ash filled reclaimed land subsidence can be of two evils (subsidence, fly ash) for the three-li (power plants, coal mines, three farmers put a favorable face).2.2.2 Reclamation of the ground and the construction of terracesSubsidence of the water, diving bit lower slope areas, can be taken to the land formation, terraced into the use of the method of reclamation. Terrace level width and height, should be based on ease shaking the ground slope, soil engineering a large quantity of crop filial types of integrated farming mechanization level to consider to determine, the size of the field gradient and slope aspect, slope should be based on the original great filial piety non-irrigated conditions, reclamation of land use to decide.2.2.3 Reclamation Act lost platoonExcavation of drainage channels, will be the introduction of subsidence shallow water of rivers, lakes, reservoirs, etc., as the water used is re-flooded subsidence under cultivation.2.2.4 Reclamation deep shallow padThe use of manual or mechanical methods to the local water or seasonal water subsidence deepened the sinking large area suitable for fish farming, irrigation water, filled with soil dug up small areas of mining subsidence, making it available cultivation of arable land.2.2.5 Utilization of catchment areas for technicalLarge area of ground water and water depth of a lot of subsidence, the utilization of science, the development of Cage Culture, fish fences, storage for irrigation water, construction of water parks.2.2.6 Reclamation of solid microbial technologyAdd the proper amount of gangue microbial activator, after a growing period of plants (about 6 months) can establish a solid layer of plant growth and form of soil aging.Mining subsidence caused by mining environment is the direct cause of geological disasters, effective control and reduce the degree of ground subsidence is to avoid environmental hazards of mining subsidence of the basic approach. Fill mining method is to reduce the effect of surface preparation method of sinking, some mines in recent years in Shandong paste filling are doing the experiment, this method can not face down or reduce the collapse zone, the better to reduce surface subsidence . Technology but its a great line delivery times, and tube obstruction Louis, if successful it would be a coal mining technology revolution.Mining subsidence of the land resources and damage is unavoidable, it should be applied in various coal mines according to their actual situation and conditions of a reasonable application of the prevention and control of mining subsidence land reclamation techniques and technology, mining technology, the ecological reclamation of multidisciplinary knowledge to carry out comprehensive management of surface subsidence and the development and utilization in order to better protect the surface, mining environment.中文译文开采沉陷造成的矿区环境灾害关键词开采沉陷；土地复垦；沉陷控制煤炭的大规模开采对矿山及其周围环境造成了严重的破坏日益突出，开采沉陷造成的矿区环境灾害主要有土地塌陷或积水，农田减产或绝产、道路塌陷、房屋变形破坏等，这都是开采引起的岩层移动，是造成矿区塌陷灾害和区域变形的根源，有效控制和减轻地面塌陷程度是解决此问题的根本之路。