第二讲： 隐喻（metaphor)
Questions: 1. What is metaphor? 2. What features dose it have? 3. How to appreciate metaphor in English
and Chinese? 4. Can you find more examples of this figure
thing is applied to another.
----Webster’s New World Dictionary
A figure of speech in which one thing is described in terms of another. The basic figure in poetry. A comparison is usually implicit; whereas in simile it is explicit.
The next time Frank went to the restaurant, he walked up to the
hostess and told his guest, “ I want to introduce you to my friend
Venus.”
Simile and Metaphor
Life is like an isthmus between two eternities. 生活像永恒的生死两端之间的峡道。 Life is an isthmus between two eternities. 生活是永恒的生死两端之间的峡道。 Happiness is like sunshine: it is made up of very little beams. 幸福像阳光，皆由细小的光束构成。 The sunshine of happiness is made of very little beams. 幸福的阳光由非常细小的光束构成。 He is as stubborn as a mule. 他犟得像头骡子。 He is a mule. 他是头犟骡
of speech?
定义（definition)（1）
亦称“暗喻”。也是一种比喻，这种辞格不用比喻词，而直 接把甲事物（喻体）当做 作乙事物（本体）来描述，其比喻 关系隐含在句意中。隐喻的形式是“A是B”，不是“A像B”。 本体和喻体之间用‘是’连接，语气上更肯定。这种比喻没 有用‘像’这类词（‘像’的意思隐晗在句子里），所以叫 做隐喻。
• 2. Frank, a friend of mine, often entertained clients at a local eatery, but he could never remember the name of the hostess, who always treated him wonderfully. One day, exasperated by his horrible recall, she said, “My name is Janet, and I‘m from another planet,” hoping the mnemonic device would help him retain the information.
其目的是更深刻地说明事理，增强语言的表现能力。
由于它常常把本体直接说成喻体，所以其修辞效果比明喻更 加肯定、更加有力，所强调的相似点也更加鲜明和突出。
定义（definition)(2)
A figure of speech containing an implied comparison, in which a word or phrase ordinarily and primarily used of one
----A Dictionary of Literary Terms Metaphor, perhaps the most important figure of speech, points out resemblance but with no acknowledging word.
----Britannica Book of English Usage …a compressed or condensed simile.
都了如指掌。） • This country has rosy prospects.（这个国家前途光明。） • A heavy purse makes a light heart.（有钱一身轻。） • There was a stormy debate at the meeting.（会上辩论激烈） • He could not bridle his anger.（他怒不可遏。） • A bright idea suddenly struck him.（他计上心来。） • He needled his way through.(他穿过 人群。） • The train steamed the station.（火车吐着蒸气开进车站。）
“Kill the umpire!”
This went on for an hour.
“Lady,” another fan called out, “ the umpire hasn‘t done anything wrong.”
“He‘s my husband,” she replied, “ Last night he came home with lipstick on his collar. Kill the umpire!”
Examples(1)
• The thought was fire in him.(他的想法是一团烈火。） • Failure is the mother of success.(失败乃成功之母） • He still has a ray of hope.(他仍抱有一线希望） • His mind swept easily over the world.(他对世上各方面的情况
英汉修辞对比研究
第二讲
含而不露的隐喻
Metaபைடு நூலகம்hor
恐怖的汉语
• 1. During a baseball game, a woman kept shouting threats at the umpire.. No matter what happened on the field, she continually yelled,