动词有5种基本形式2
will not=won’t would not=wouldn’t
8种时态常用时间状语:
1一般现在时
always, usually, often, never, sometimes, every day,on Sundays,
once a day / week / month / year等
2一般过去时
(四)动过去分词的构成规则与过去式一致,但是不规则动词变化需要特殊记!
※初中需要掌握8种动词时态
以do为例
基本结构
肯定
否定
1一般现在时
V-原/V-单三式
do/does
don’t /doesn’t do
2一般过去时
V-过去式
did
didn’t do
3现在进行时
(am/is/are)+ V-ing
am/is/are + doing
wash-washes;
go-goes;do-does
以辅音字母+y结尾
变y为i +es
study-studies
以元音字母+y结尾
直接+s
play-plays
特殊情况
不规则
have-has
be-is
(二)动词过去式的构成规则
规则动词
1.一般动词直接加-ed,e.g.look-looked;
2.以e结尾的动词直接加-d,e.g.dance-danced;
have to, has to, had to等
助动词
be(帮助构成进行时态), have/has/had(帮助构成完成时态),
do/did/does(帮助构成否定句和疑问句)
will/shall/would/should(帮助构成将来时态)
情态动词
can, could, may, might, must, should, ought to, need, dare,
※动词有5种基本形式
以动词do为例
原形
“单三”式
过去式
-ing形式
过去分词形ing
done
(一)动词“单三”式的构成规则
情况
方法
示例
一般情况
+s
let-lets;get-gets
以s、x、ch、sh和o结尾
+es
pass-passes;
fix-fixes;
watch-watches;teach-teaches
5现在完成时
recently, lately, since+时间点,for+时间段,in the past few years等
6过去完成时
by the end of+过去时间,before+过去时间,before/when+从句(一般过去时),上下文提示
7一般将来时
tomorrow明天,the day after tomorrow后天,tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening明天早上/下午/晚上, next week/ month等
注:英语26个字母中,除了a,e,i,o,u这几个元音字母外,其他都是辅音字母。
不规则动词变化特殊记!
(三)-ing形式构成规则
1一般在动词原形末尾加ing,如do-doing、sing-singing、
②以不发音的e结尾的动词,先去e,再加ing,如dance-dancing、like-liking、write-writing、
had + done
had not done
7一般将来时
will + V-原
will + do
will not do
8过去将来时
would + V-原
would + do
would not do
注意:否定缩写:is not=isn’t are not=aren’t was not=wasn’t
were not=weren’thave not=haven’t has not=hasn’t
yesterday, last night/ week /month /year, three days ago, in 2001,
just now, once upon a time等
3现在进行时
now, at this moment,标志性词(look, listen,)等
4过去进行时
at this time yesterday, at that time last night, when, while, as引导的过去时间状语
3.辅音字母加y结尾的,变y为i再加ed,e.g.study-studied;
4.以重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母(字母w,y,x除外),双写这个辅音字母加-ed,e.g.skip-skipped;
5.以l结尾的动词,若以非重读音节结尾,则末尾的字母l双写与不双写均可。其中不双写的是美式拼写。e.g.travel-travelled/traveled(U.S.)。
make-making,take-taking
③以ee、结尾的动词加ing,如see-seeing、
④以重读闭音节结尾的动词,并且末尾只有一个辅音字母,应双写这一辅音字母,再加ing,如
cut-cutting、swim-swimming
⑤以ie结尾的动词,要把ie变成y再加ing,如die-dying,lie-lying.
8过去将来时
before/after…….+过去时间; up till then (直到时); up until last night(直到昨晚)等
实义动词
及物动词+ 宾语/双宾语(sb.sth.)
不及物动词
系动词
be(am/is/are/was/were)
look, sound, seem. feel, smell, taste, turn, become
am/is/are not doing
4过去进行时
(was/ were)+ V-ing
was / were + doing
was/were not doing
5现在完成时
have / has +V-ed
have \ has + done
have/has not done
6过去完成时
had +V-ed