Unit10震撼世界的审判达罗在热得像烘箱似的法庭里来回踱着方步。
“今天受攻击的是教师，”他接着说道，“明天就会轮到杂志、书籍和报纸。
要不了多久，社会上便会是一种人与人为仇，教派与教派为敌的局面，直到我们的社会大踏步地退回到十六世纪那光辉的年代，那时如果有谁胆敢给人类带来智慧、知识和文化，就会被那些愚昧的偏执狂们点燃柴堆活活烧死。
”“《圣经》，”他用洪亮的嗓音大喊大叫道，“是不会被那些千里迢迢赶来作证的学者专家们赶出这个法庭的。
这些专家们来到这里的目的是想证明主张人类祖先来自丛林的进化论和上帝按照天机，依其形象创造人类并安排到这个世界上来的看法，是并行不悖的。
”由克拉伦斯•达罗和达德雷•费尔德•马隆在戴顿镇的小小法庭上掀起的那些辩论风暴犹如一股清风吹遍了美国的学校和立法机关，随之而来的是日渐增长的思想自由和学术自由的新气象。
Unit 13大不列颠望洋兴叹然而，如今英国的这一至关重要的产业正面临着空前严重的危机。
几乎在世界上所有的主要航海线上，英国商业船队都有被强劲的外国竞争对手挤出去的危险。
船主们担心这些大臣优先考虑的是拯救英国的奄奄一息的造船厂，而不是如何拯救英国的商船队。
英国的造船厂目前正为波兰制造着24艘轮船。
波兰人之所以倾向于英国是因为受到英国为他们提供2 800万英镑的资助款这一厚赠以及英国造船商将负责为他们筹集所有的贷款这一承诺的引诱。
所以，当我国商船队正受到共产党国家商船的威胁的同时，我们的政府却在用英国纳税人的钱来帮助他们降低造船成本。
而那些规模较小的海运公司却没有足够的财力来从事多样化经营，它们面临着破产的命运。
一旦这些海运公司破产，英国有限的几个值得保留的传统产业的一大部分也会随之消亡。
Unit3有人举出了一个人所共知，但仍值得提出来发人深思的例子。
我们谈到饭桌上的肉食时用法语词，而谈到提供这些肉食的牲畜时则用盎格鲁一撒克逊词。
猪圈里的活猪叫pig，饭桌上吃的猪肉便成了pork(来自法语pore)；地里放牧着的牛叫cattle，席上吃的牛肉则叫beef(来自法语boeuf)；Chicken用作肉食时变成poultry(来自法语poulet)；calf加工成肉则变成veal(来自法语vcau)。
即便我们的菜单没有为了装洋耍派头而写成法语，我们所用的英语仍然是诺曼底式的英语。
这一切向我们昭示了诺曼底人征服之后英国文化上所存在的深刻的阶级裂痕。
撒克逊农民种地养畜，自己出产的肉自己却吃不起，全都送上了诺曼底人的餐桌。
农民们只能吃到在地里乱窜的兔子。
兔子肉因为便宜，诺曼底贵族自然不屑去吃它。
因此，活兔子和吃的兔子肉共用rabbit这个词表示，而没有换成由法语lapin转化而来的某个词。
当我们今天听着有关双语教育问题的争论时，我们应该设身处地替当时的撒克逊农民想一想，新的统治阶级把法语用来对抗撒克逊农民自己的语言，从而在农民周围筑起一道文化障碍。
当英国人在像觉醒者赫里沃德这样的撒克逊领袖领导下起来造反时，他们一定深深地感受到了文化上的屈辱。
“标准英语”——如果那时候有这个名词的话——已经变成法语。
而九百年后我们在美国这儿仍然继承了这种影响。
Unit4我们能否建立一个把东西南北联在一起的伟大的全球联盟来对付这些敌人，以确保人类享有更为富有成效的生活呢?你是否愿意参加这一具有历史意义的行动呢?在世界漫长的历史上，只有少数几代人能在自由面临极大危险的时刻被赋予保卫自由的任务。
在这一重任面前，我不退缩，我欢迎这一重任。
我认为我们中间不会有人愿意与别人或另一代人调换位置。
我们从事这一事业的那种精力、信念和献身精神将照耀我们的国家和一切为此出力的人们。
这一火焰所发出的光芒将真正照亮这个世界。
因此，美国同胞们，你们应该问的不是你们的国家能为你们做些什么，而是你们自己能为你们的国家做些什么。
和我处在同样地位的世界各国的公民们，你们应该问的不是美国会为你们做些什么，而是我们一起能为人类自由做些什么。
Lesson10 The Trial That Rocked the World1)snowball: metaphor; grow or develop rapidly2)circus atmosphere: metaphor; riotous holiday spirit3)sprout: metaphor; grow or spring up quickly4)spar: metaphor; fight with words, engage in argument5)thunder: metaphor; say loudly and angrily6)like a prairie fire: simile; spreading quickly, rapidly and overcoming all obstacles7)scorch : metaphor wither, thoroughly defeat hot breath of his oratory:metaphor; the fiery speech, the caustic condemnation8)a duel: metaphor; a life and death struggle9)a storm of applause：metaphor；loud applause by many people10)the oratorical duel：metaphor；the speech contest11)spring the trump card：metaphor；take the most decisive course of action which one believes cannot fail12)oratorical storm，blew up：metaphors；the great debate that took place like a fresh wind：simile；brought new and healthy changes．The great debate initiated by Clarence Darrow and Dudley Field Malone in the little court in Dayton brought new and healthy changes throughout the schools and legislative offices of the United StatesⅦ．1)The Trial That Rocked the World——Hyperbole2)Darrow had whispered throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder——Transferred epithet3)The case had erupted round my head...——Synecdoche4)Bryan,ageing and paunchy,was assisted...——Rridicule5)and it is a mighty strong combination——Sarcasm6)until we are marching backwards to the glorious age of the 16th century——Irony7)There is some about about that——Sarcasm8)”The Christian believes that man came from above.The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below.”——Antithesis9)”His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world”——Hyperbole10)Resolute he strode to the stand,carrying a palm fan like a sword to repel his enemies——Ridicule,Simile11)Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence ——Ridicule12)Dudley Field Malone called my conviction a “victorious defeat”——Oxymorn13)whisper loudly——OxymornⅨ.1)At that time metaphysics was rampant．2)I did not anticipate that I would get involved in this dispute3)You must involve yourself in the work if you want to learn something.4)The jury brought in a verdict of guilty and the judge sentenced him to three years' imprisonment.5)Racial discrimination still exists in various forms in the United States though racial segregation is against the law.6)He think we can reconcile the two views.7)He seemed reconciled to the idea.8)The spectators' hearts went out to the defendant.9)The London papers expressed the view that the collapse of Nazi Germany was at hand.10)He estimated the number of scouts on hand as ranging from three to five.11)The project got under way soon after the signing of the contract. Lesson13 Britannia Rues the Waves1)Oil is the vital lifeline of the national economy in many Middle Eastern countries．2)The Third World countries are bent on developing their industries independently．3)Some Western countries were afraid that the oil—producing countries would drive them out of business by undercutting them．4)The British government promised to put up the money needed to solve the problem 0f unemployment．5)5)Saudi Arabia’s proved reserves of on are by far the greatest in the world．6)Through several centuries of trial financial instruments will make every businessman interested.7)7)These veteran soldiers have all weathered the test of many battles during the Second World War.8)8)We are still a long way from the goal of the four modernizations.9)9) Many scientists and technicians are out to learn foreign languages so as to be able to read first-hand reference materials.10)American Congress ratified the treaty, it takes effect immediately11)11)A new telegraph building will be completed and put into service soon.12)12)The company has been slammed by hired 500 employees13)The military expenditures of that country increase at a rate of 4% to 5% every year.Unit3Ⅺ．1．No one knows how the conversation will go as it moves aimlesslyand desultorily or as it becomes spirited and exciting.2．2. It is not a matter of interest if they are cross or in a bad temper. 3．3. Bar friends, although they met each other frequently, did not delve into each other's lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings. 4．4. Suddenly a miraculous change in the conversation took place. 5．5. The conversation suddenly became spirited and exciting.6．6. We ought to think as the Saxon peasants did at that time.7．7. The Elizabethan writers spread the English language far and wide. 8．8. I have always had an eager interest in dictionaries.9．9. Otherwise one will tie up the conversation and will not let it go on freely.10．10. We would never have talked about Australia, or the language barrier in the time of the Norman Conquest.XX1)The charm of conversation is that it does not really start from anywhere,and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows.——Mixed metaphor2)The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks ——Metaphor3)They are like the musketeers of Dumas who,although they lived sideby side with each other ——Simile4)that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place——Metaphor5)The glow of the conversation burst into flames.——Metaphor6)The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock,and its seeds multiplied,and floated to the ends of the earth.——Simile7)the King’s English slips and sli des in conversation.——Alliteration Metaphor8) “the sinister corridor of our age,”——MetaphorUnit4Ⅻ.Paragraphs 6，7，8，10，11 begin with the same type of phrases：“To those old allies…”，“To those new states …”，“To those peoples…”。