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【英语】情态动词试题及答案

must have done用法辨析
must have done:表示对过去的肯定的逻辑推测,推定某件事情、动作或状态可能在过去发生过(存在过)。
He must have been a doctor, for he knows medicine so well.他过去肯定是一位医生,他对医学如此了解。
— Well, if you__________. I can put on more clothes.
A.canB.may
C.mustD.shall
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查情态动词。句意:-不好意思,我把窗户打开你介意吗?-好吧,如果你必须这么做的话。我可以多穿点衣服。A. can能够;B. may可能;C. must一定;必须;D. shall会;将。must表示偏要,必须要做的事情,故选C。
Somebody must have stolen the ring.肯定有人偷了这枚戒指. [该句所推断的偷窃动作发生在过去.]
The temperature must have dropped to below zero last night, because the water is frozen all over.昨夜的温度肯定降到零度以下,因为水都冻住了。
12.It wasn’t right to me that such near neighborsnot know one another.
A.couldB.would
C.shouldD.might
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查情态动词。句意:对我来说,很不正常,如此近的邻居居然不认识。A. could可能,能够;B. would将;C. should竟然;D. might可能,也许。should作为情态动词,可以用来表示意外、惊喜或者在说话人看来是不可思议的,常常译为"竟会"、"居然",住的这么近的邻居居然不认识。表示意外,所以答案选C。
(1)I shall think it over and Let you know my idea.我将考虑一下此事,然后告诉你我的想法。
(2)We shall have a good time in the park.我们在公园里会玩得很高兴的。常考的特殊用法
1. Shall用于第一人称,表示征求对方的意愿。如:What shall we do this evening?
中国学生的常见病句是:They...; they certainly have arrived.病句的句义是“他们当然已经到达了。”(这不是对过去的肯定推测,而是断定动作已经完成。)
9.It has been announced that all the candidates ___________ remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
【详解】
考查情态动词。句意:保罗在演讲比赛中表现得很好。他上星期一定练习了很多次。must have done是对过去发生的动作最有把握的猜测,意思是“一定”。故C选项正确。
7.The accident which left 15 people on board dead ________ if both the angry female passenger and the bus driver had kept calm.
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】
考查Shall的用法。句意:贝克先生,有些学生想见你。他们是在这里等还是在外面等?Shall用于第一、第三人称疑问句中,表示说话人征求对方的意见或向对方请示。故选C。
【点睛】
Shall的用法
Shall作为助动词,一般用于第一人称Ⅰ和We,表示一个将来的动作,构成将来时态。Shall后面接动词原形。例如:
如果“must + have +过去分词”句型与by now连用,还可以表示对现在完成的动作和状态的肯定推测,但实质上还是指所推测的过去的动作。例如:
They started early this morning; they must have arrived by now.他们今晨很早就出发了,现在肯定已经到了。
【点睛】
情态动词+ have done结构:
1.“must + have +过去分词”表示对过去发生的事情或状态进行推测,语气比较坚定,通常只用于肯定句。如:It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet.
2.“can / could + have +过去分词”表示对过去某种情况的怀疑或不确定。can和could一般用于否定句和疑问句,could的语气较can弱。如:He can't have finished the work so soon.
He oughtn't to / shouldn't have done that.他本来就不该做那件事.(可是做了)
6.“would+have+过去分词”表示对过去的某种情况进行猜测,或本来要做某事却因某种原因未做成,通常用来说明某一情况,但不像用should或ought to那样含有责备之意。如:
5.“should / ought to + have +过去分词”表示过去本该做某事但没做,其否定式表示过去不该做某事但做了,这种句式含有不满或责备之意,ought to的语气比should强一些。如:
You ought to / should have studied harder.你本应该更努力学习的.(但没有)
A.had caughtB.could have caughtC.could catchD.can catch
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】
考查情态动词+have done结构。句意:——哦,我的上帝!我刚好错过了回家的末班车。——这是非常糟糕的。我肯定你能赶上,但你就是不抓紧。could have done“本来能做而没有做”。故选B。
【答案】D
【解析】
考察情态动词,题干中的he wasn’t certain说明他可能不来,可能来,因此使用不完全否定,might not。
4.Mr. Baker, some students want to see you. ______ they wait here or outside?
A.MayB.ShouldC.ShallD.Will
He shall have the book when I finish reading.(允诺)
He shall be punished.(威胁)
5.--- Oh, my God! I just missed the last bus back home.
--- That’s really bad. I’m sure you ______ it, but you just didn’t hurry up.
11.he law is equally applied to everyone. No one _______ be above it.
A.shallB.must
C.mayD.need
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查情态动词。句意:法律面前人人平等。没有人能凌驾于法律之上。A. shall用于第二、第三人称,则含有命令、警告、允诺或威胁的语气。B. must(必须,一定)用于肯定句。C. may(可以,能够)表允许时一般不与第三人称连用。D. need (表示没有必要或询问是否有必要)需要;故选A。
6.Paul did a great job in the speech contest. Hemany times last week.
A.need have practisedB.might practise
C.must have practisedD.could practise
【答案】C
【解析】
A.shallB.could
C.wouldD.ought
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】
考查情态动词用法。句意:据宣布,所有的候选人都要坐在位置上,直到所有的试卷都被收齐。根据句意可知本句是考试规则,情态动词shall可以表示“按照规则/规定/法律要做的事情”,符合本句语境。故A项正确。
10.— Excuse me, do you mind if I open the window?
I guess the poet would have been about twenty when she wrote her first poem.
Another worker wouldn't have acted like that.
8.It is really cold and the ground is wet; it ________ have rained last night.
3.“may / might + have +过去分词”表示对已发生的动作或存在的状态进行不肯定的推测,might的语气比may弱一点。这种结构主要用于肯定句和否定句,疑问句改用can或could。如:They may not have known it beforehand.
4.“need + have +过去分词”表示过去做了不必做或不需要做的事情,或过去做某事纯属多余。如:I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came.
3.—I don’t really like Janes. Why did you invite him?
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