一、使用定冠词the的场合Page 11. 表示自然界被认为“独一无二、唯一”的的名词前, 如：the sky/ moon/world/earth/Milky Way/mountain/ seaside/wind/rain2. 特指①熟知或心照不宣的人或物: Where are the shoes?②用在第二次提到的人或物的名词前③用在由短语或从句修饰的名词前the road to sucessHe is no longer the man that he was fifteen years ago.④与前面提及的事物有关联的人或者物体The boy was crying for milk, but the bottle (of his) was empty.3. 类指①“the + 单数名词/复数名词” 表示属类②“the + 形容词/分词” 表示同一类，或者抽象概念The rich/aged/goodthe seeing/previleged/unknown★该类词做主语的时候，可作集体名词看，谓语动词用复数。
但表示某一个人，某种抽象概念时，谓语动词可用单数。
The unfortunate deserve our sympathy.The unknown is yet to come.4.专用名词（指人名、地名、机构名等）①表示某些国名、某些组织机构、报纸、杂志、书籍、会议、民族、阶级、阶层、信仰、等名词前，如：the Atlantic 大西洋the Thames 泰晤士河the House of Lords 上议院(英国)The Daily Telegraph《每日电讯报》②“the +姓氏的复数”表示一家人the Smiths 史密斯一家③the + 有修饰成分的人名等专用名词He is the Shakespear of the age.The Asia of the 20th century suffered from a lot of desease.④the + 商铺、场所名the baker’/dentist’/barber’5. 其他规则：①the+ 形容词/副词最高级, 序数词；only, main, sole, same，following, last, next, opposite,present, usual, wrong, ultimate, right, principle修饰名词★注意一些固定表达方式：first cousin/vilion/child/prize/sight on second thought second to none②表示方位、左右的名词前③乐器名称前④“ by/to the +单位名词”表示“每，每一”注意区分：by the day by day⑤the + 逢“十”的复数形式in the 1950s⑥用在表示人体某一部位的名词前，形成习惯用法。
如: pull sb’s by the ear/slap sb.across the face等，该种表达方式强调sb.这个受动者，表示某人被别人拉耳朵，打耳光。
⑤其他习惯用法to the ear to the eye at the same time in the end二、使用零冠词的场合Page 191.单数(类)名词用作物质名词，抽象名词表整体见课本第50页第3条Blood is thicker than water.Dog do not eat dog.There is no place like home.2. 用于一日三餐;3. 用于日期、节日、季节4. 学科、语言、运动及游戏类名词注意：the English/Chinese language5. 同位语或主语补足语，以说明身份、职位、头衔或某种抽象概念。
见课本第21页第9条He is son to my neighbour. (亲属关系)He was appointed dean of the department.(dean of the department 是主语补足语，补充说明he的职位)He turned writer in 2005.(turn 是系动词，在句子中做表语，补充说明brothers 的身份) 与课本第36页第14条联系起来注意：①表职或头衔名词做表语的时候，表示独一无二。
试比较：He is dean of the department.He is a dean of the department.②名词抽象化，具有形容词的性质, 这些词前面或者后面有very, fully, enough, thoroughly，less…than, more…than修饰时He is friend enough to give me timely help.She is more mother than wife. 与其说她是贤妻，还不如说她是良母。
③倒装的让步状语从句中Old man though he was, he never stoppped writing.5. bed, church, college, court, hospital, market, prison, school, sea 和work 等具体名词转化为抽象的名词，指有关活动时。
见课本第26页，注意区分go the church 去教堂祷告at school 上学go to the church 上那个教堂去了at the school 去那个学校了6. 方位名词做状语The window face north.7. by+ 交通工具，方式、手段by air/ship/letter8. 形容词的最高级前有时也可以用零冠词。
①形容词的最高级前可用零冠来加强语气，表示“非常，极其”，有时也可以用不定冠词。
She was in closest touch with us.He is a most learned scholar in electronics.②形容词用在倒装的让步状语从句中Youngest though he is, he is the wisest.③at (the) least/worst/ best/ leaest/utmost/farthest9. 以人名作为书名、剧名、电影名时，或者以作者名表示作品时I’m reading Einstein. (书名时要用斜体，《爱因斯坦转》)I’m reading Shelly. （雪莱的诗）10. 被认为是不可数名词的或复数形式的疾病名词, 如：flu, toothache, gout(痛风) , backache,shingles, hepatitis(肝炎),measles(麻疹) 参见课本第52页第10条He was in bed with flu(流感) for ten days.I’ve had toothache all night.但有时也说：I’ve got a headache/cold.She’s got the flu/the measles.10. 注意常用的一些习惯性表达方式。
best seller by heart in return三、使用不定冠词a, an的场合Page 311. 用在单数可数名词前表示一类人或者物，注意区分：A many should love his country. (a = every)The air-conditioner has become very popular. (the= every)2. 用在姓名或者姓氏前表示“某一个，某一位”She has married a Jackson.3. 用在表情绪的抽象名词前表示“一种，一类”It is a shame to behave like that.4. a/an +单位名词=each/per I go back to my hometown twice a year.5. a/an +名词+of + a/an +名词前面的名词用来表示后面名词的性质，特征，意为“像…一样的”a mountain of a wave a palace of a housea hell of life a treasure of a son6. a +人名、地名等专用名词表示与这个专用名词相仿的某人，某事、某地；作品或设计发明等The fellow is a Shytlock. 那家伙简直就是个夏洛克。
（莎士比亚笔下的夏洛克是个吝啬的商人）She drove a Ford. 她开着一辆福特牌汽车。
7. 表示“那种”，相当于such , 也表示“任何”，相当于anyShe is not a girl to do such a thing. 她不是做这种事情的女孩。
(a=such)A thing worth doing at all is worth doing well. 值得做的事情就值得做好。
(a=any)8. 有些名词通常成对出现，联系紧密，被视为一体，一套a needle and thread 针线 a horse and cart 车马 a dustpan and brush 畚箕扫帚a gin and tonic 加奎宁水的杜松子酒9. 区分at a timeat one timemore than a yearmore than one year10. 习惯表达have a way to a turn to a degree have a sayExercises:1. It’s ____shame to behave like that.2. The falling of ________ apple from a tree helped Newton to discover ______law of gravity.3. My friend is interested in __________ science.4. Lucy can play _____piano as well as ______violin.5. After ______dinner, we went for ____walk by ____sea.6. My mother goes to ____church every Sunday, ____church she usually goes to has _____seats forover ____thousand.7. This is ____most useful textbook I have on this subject.8. ____dead no longer need ____help, we must do our best to look after ____living.9. I can not remember _____exact date of ______accident, but I know it was _____Sunday because everybody was at _____church.15. After being elected ______ President of _____ United States, Barack Obama moved with hisfamily into _____ White House.。