初中英语被动语态详解●一、被动语态什么是被动语态？要弄懂什么是被动语态，让我们先了一下解语态。
什么叫语态？是动词的一种形式，用于表明主语与谓语之间的关系。
英语中时态很多，但语态只有两种，即：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者。
被动语态：表示主语是动作的承受者。
所谓“被动语态”，相当于中文中常说的“被……”、“由……”的句式，如：“他的自行车被偷了。
”，“这座楼房是由他们建造的。
”●二、被动语态的谓语结构英语中被动语态是怎么样构成的呢?请看下面的例句(注意划线部分)：His bicycle was stolen.English is spoken by people in the world.通过上面的例句，可以看出，被动语态的谓语结构是：“be + 及物动词的过去分词”●三、被动语态的运用什么情况下要用被动语态呢?一般地说，有下面几种情况：1.不知道谁是动作的执行者。
例如：Paper is made from wood. (纸是由木材生产出来的。
)2.没有必要指出动作的执行者。
例如：The house is quite old. It was built in 1950. (这座房子太旧了。
它是1950年建成的。
)He was wounded in the fight. (他在战斗中受伤了。
)Electricity is used to run machines. (电是用来开动机器的。
)3.只需要强调动作的对象时。
例如：The classroom is cleaned every day.Calculator can't be used in the math exam.(计算器不能用于数学考试。
)4.为了使语气婉转，避免提到是谁做的这件事。
例如：The new library must be completed by the end of next month. (新图书馆必须在下个月底前完工。
)一般地讲，被动语态用于英语的各种时态。
为了能准确地运用被动语态，重点是要掌握be动词的各种时态变化。
各种时态的被动语态举例如下：●1、一般现在时的被动语态Our classroom is cleaned every day.This car is made in China.一般现在时被动语态的几种句型:1) 肯定句: 主语+am/is/are + V-ed + (by…)Our classroom is cleaned every day.2) 否定句: 主语+ am/is/are + not + V-ed + (by…)Our classroom is not cleaned every day.3) 一般疑问句: Am/Is/Are + 主语+ V-ed + (by…)?Is our classroom cleaned every day?4) 特殊疑问句: 疑问词+ am/is/are + 主语+ V-ed + (by…)?What time is our classroom cleaned every day?●2、一般过去式的被动语态E.g.His desk was cleaned just now.The building was built in 1928.一般过去时被动语态的几种句型:1) 肯定句: 主语+ was/were + V-ed + (by…)The news was published by the government.2) 否定句: 主语+ was/were + not + V-ed + (by…)The news wasn’t published by the government.3) 一般疑问句: Was/Were + 主语+ V-ed + (by…)?Was the news published by the government?4) 特殊疑问句: 疑问词+ was/were + 主语+ V-ed + (by…)?When was the news published by the government?●3、现在完成时的被动语态Some new building have been built in the city since last year.Your watch has been mended already.4、过去完成时的被动语态:had + been + 及物动词的过去分词如：He said that some new factories had been built in the city.I didn't know that my watch had been mended .●5、一般将来时的被动语态:①will/shall + be + 及物动词的过去分词② am/is/are + going to be +动词的过去分词.如：Some new building will be built in our city this year.Your watch is going to be mended in an hour.6、过去将来时的被动语态:(1).would / should + be + 及物动词的过去分词如：(2).was / were +going to be + 动词的过去分词.She said that some new factories would be built soon in our city.He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour.7.现在进行时的被动语态: am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词如：A new factory is being built in our city now.Some trees are being cut down in the park.8、过去进行时的被动语态: was / were + being + 及物动词的过去分词如：A new factory was being built in our city at that time. Some babies were being looked after by Miss Chen last year.●9、含情态动词的被动式：情态动词 + be +及物动词的过去分词如：The key could not be found last night.The homework must be finished before dinner.五、如何将主动语态变成被动语态I.主动语态变被动语态：可简单记为主变（介词by的）宾，宾变主，谓语结构主动变被动图示：主动语态：主语+ 谓语(主动）+宾语+其他被动语态：主语+谓语(被动）+（by+宾语）+其他II.主动语态与被动语态互换巧记法：主动语态：人们说英语。
People speak English in many countries.English is spoken（by people) in many countries..被动语态：英语被说。
如何将主动语态变成被动语态,具体方法举例:1、从句子意义上说，就是重新找出“什么事物”是“被完成”的。
例1.主动语态：人们说英语。
People speak English in many countries. 被动语态：英语被说。
English is spoken in many countries.. 例2.主动语态：我们造这座桥。
We built this bridge last year.被动语态：这座桥被建造。
This bridge was built last year.2、从语法的角度说，把原句的宾语改成主语。
例1.主动语态：小王邀请你(宾语) Xiao Liu has invited you to a lunch party. 被动语态：你(宾语)被邀请。
You has been invited to a lunch party by Xiao Wang.例2.主动语态：你不准带走杂志(宾语) You must not take these magazines out of the reading-room.被动语态：杂志(宾语)不准被带走.These magazines must not be taken out of the reading room.例3.主动语态：他们授给他(宾语)一枚奖章(宾语).They gave him a medal for his wonderful work.被动语态：他(宾语)被授予一枚奖章. He was given a medal for his wonderful work.被动语态：一枚奖章(宾语)被授给了他.A medal was given to him for his wonderful work.※关于被动语态以下几点需要特别注意：1.被动语态中介词by及它的宾语可以省略，除非必须指出动作的执行者。
eg .In the end ,we all know the window was broken by Tom.※2.感官动词如see, hear , feel ,find, watch, notice等和使役动词如make, let，have等，在主动语态中要接省略to不定式作宾语补足语，在被动语态中些词后面的动词不定式都需要带to即：都要接to do不定式.eg. My mother often lets me take out the rubbish.(主动）I am often let to take out the rubbish by my mother.(被动）顺口溜：感官动词一感二听三让四看主动句中to 离开，被动句中to回来3.及物动词和动词+介词或动词+副词后可接宾语的动词短语才有被动语态。
eg. The meeting will be put off tomorrow.注意: “不及物动词+介词 / 副词”构成的短语动词，变成被动句时，要把它们作为整体看待，介词或副词不可与其动词拆开或漏掉。
如：Our homework was handed in yesterday afternoon.The house was fixed up by my father.4.带双宾语的动词，变被动语态时，可以把其中任意一个宾语变成主语，另一个留在被动结构谓语后面。