StructuralismFunctionalismSensory ThresholdDark AdaptationBright AdaptationPerceptionBottom Up ProcessingTop Down Processing Perceptual Constancy Temporal PerceptionSensory MemoryShort-Term MemoryLong-Term MemoryEpisodic MemorySemantic MemoryImplicit MemoryExplicit MemoryDeclarative Memory Procedural MemoryPartial-Report Procedure Working MemoryThe Curve of ForgettingSerial Position EffectProactive Inhibition Retroactive InhibitionRapid Eye Movement Sleep, REM Selective AttentionSustained AttentionDivided AttentionFilter TheoryAttenuation TheoryAutomatic Processing Controlled Processing Convergent ThinkingDivergent ThinkingMental RotationConcept FormationAlgorithm StrategyHeuristic MethodMean-end AnalysisBackward SearchHill Climbing MethodFluencyFlexibility 构造主义机能主义感觉阈限暗适应明适应知觉自下而上的加工自上而下的加工知觉恒常性时间知觉感觉记忆短时记忆长时记忆情景记忆语义记忆内隐记忆外显记忆陈述性记忆程序性记忆局部报告法工作记忆遗忘曲线系列位置效应前摄抑制倒摄抑制快速眼动睡眠选择性注意持续性注意分配性注意过滤器理论衰减理论自动化加工受意识控制的加工辐合思维发散思维心理旋转概念形成算法策略启发法手段目的分析逆向搜索爬山法流畅性变通性OriginalityDialogue LanguageMonologue LanguageWritten LanguageInner LanguagePhysiological NeedSafety NeedBelongingness and Love Need Esteem NeedSelf Actualization NeedDeficit or Deficiency NeedGrowth NeedMoodIntense EmotionStressFluid IntelligenceCrystallized Intelligence Emotional IntelligenceGeneral FactorSpecific FactorMultiple-Intelligence Theory Triarchic Theory Intelligence Component Subtheory of Intelligence Meta-componentsPerformance Components Knowledge-Acquisition Components Successful IntelligencePlanning-Arousal-Simultaneous SuccessiveTemperamentCharacterCommon TraitsIndividual TraitsCardinal TraitsCentral TraitsSecondary TraitsExtraversionAgreeableness ConscientiousnessNeuroticismOpennessExtroversionIntroversionCognitive Style 独特性对话语言独白语言书面语言内部语言生理需要安全需要归属和爱的需要尊重的需要自我实现需要缺失需要成长需要心境激情应激流体智力晶体智力情绪智力一般因素特殊因素多元智力模型三元智力理论智力成分亚理论元成分操作成分知识获得成分Successful Intelligence PASS 模型气质性格共同特质个人特质首要特质中心特质次要特质外倾性宜人性责任心神经质/情绪稳定性开放性外倾人格内倾人格认知风格Field-Independent, (FI) Field-Dependent, (FD) Impulsivity Reflection Successive Simultaneous 场独立性场依存性冲动性沉思性继时性同时性Critical PeriodLongitudinal ResearchCross-Sectional Research Behavioral GeneticsHabituationNativismUniversal GrammarLanguage Acquisition Device Sensori-motor StagePre-operational StageConcrete Operational StageFormal Operational Stage ConservationEgo CentrismSchemaAssimilationAccommodationObject PermanenceSocializationSocial DevelopmentAttachmentStrange SituationSecurely Attached TypeAvoidant Attachment Disorganized/Disoriented Attachment Resistant AttachmentSeparation AnxietyPre Moral PeriodHeteronomous Stage Autonomous Stage Preconventional Morality Conventional Morality Postconventional MoralityGender IdentityGender Role StandardIdentity AchievementIdentity CrisisIdentity DiffusionIdentity MoratoriumZone of Proximal Development Theory of MindFalse Belief Task 关键期纵向研究横向研究行为遗传学习惯化先天论普遍语法语言获得装置感知运动阶段前运算阶段具体运算阶段形式运算阶段守恒自我中心图式同化顺应客体永久性社会化社会性发展依恋陌生情境安全依恋型回避型依恋混乱型依恋拒绝型依恋分离焦虑前道德阶段道德他律时期道德自律时期前习俗道德习俗道德后习俗道德性别同一性性别角色标准同一性获得同一性危机同一性扩散同一性延缓最近发展区心理理论错误信念任务Social Exchange TheorySelf-ConsciousnessSelf-ConceptSelf-SchemaSelf-AwarenessIdeal SelfOught SelfActual SelfSelf-EsteemSelf-HandicappingSelf-Fulfilling Prophecies Independent Construal of The Self Interdependent Construal of The Self Primary EffectRecency EffectHalo EffectFundamental Attribution Error Actor-Observer EffectBalance TheoryDiscriminationInterpersonal Relationship Interpersonal Communication Interpersonal Attraction Aggressive BehaviorPersuasionConformityComplianceSocial FacilitationSocial LoafingDeindividuationGroup PolarizationGroup ThinkFree-rider Effect Representativeness Heuristics Availability HeuristicsAnchoring and Adjustment Heuristics Cognitive Dissonance Theory Prosocial Behavior 社会交换理论自我意识自我概念自我图式自我觉知理想自我应该自我现实自我自尊自我妨碍自我实现预言独立型自我依赖型自我首因效应近因效应晕轮效应基本归因错误活动者——观察者效应平衡理论歧视人际关系人际沟通人际吸引侵犯行为说服从众顺从社会助长社会惰化去个体化群体极化群体思维搭便车效应代表性启发易得性启发锚定与调整启发法认知失调理论亲社会行为Independent Variable Dependent Variable Extraneous Variable ExperimenterSubjectCeiling EffectFloor Effect Experimental Paradigms Priming EffectRandom Groups Design Within-Groups Design Randomized-Block Design Latin Square Design Mixed DesignPractice EffectFatigue EffectSmall Sample Design InteractionReaction TimeAccuracyDouble Blind Control 自变量因变量额外变量主试被试天花板效应地板效应实验范式启动效应随机组设计组内设计随机区组设计拉丁方设计混合设计练习效应疲劳效应小样本设计交互作用反应时间准确率双盲控制Descriptive Statistics Inferential Statistics PopulationParameterSampleStatisticsFrequencyHistogramBar ChartScatter PlotAverageMedianModeRangeVarianceStandard DeviationStandard ScoreCorrelationNormal DistributionDegrees of Freedom Confidence Interval Confidence LevelStandard ErrorHypothesis TestingNull HypothesisAlternative HypothesisTwo-Sided Test/Two-Tailed Test Analysis of VarianceLinear RegressionApplied Statistics 描述统计推断统计总体参数样本统计量频数直方图条形图散点图平均数中数众数全距方差标准差标准分数相关正态分布自由度置信区间置信水平标准误假设检验虚无假设备择假设双侧检验方差分析线性回归应用统计学Nominal ScaleOrdinal ScaleEqual Interval Scale Ratio ScaleSample of Behavior Norm-Reference Test Criterion-Reference Test ReliabilityValidityTest-Retest Reliability Alternate-Form Reliability Split-Half Reliability Homogeneity Reliability Scorer Reliability Content Validity Construct Validity Criterion - Related Validity Convergent Validity Discriminate Validity Item DifficultyItem DiscriminationTest EquatingNEO-PI-RSelf-report Questionnaire Projective Test Standardized Test Individual TestGroup TestVerbal TestNonverbal Test Intelligence TestMental Age Chronological Age 称名量表顺序量表等距量表比率量表行为样本常模参照测验标准参照测验信度效度重测信度复本信度分半信度同质性信度评分者信度内容效度结构效度实证效度相容效度区分效度项目难度项目区分度测验等值大五人格因素测定量表自陈量表投射测验标准化测验个别测验团体测验文字测验非文字测验智力测验智力年龄实际年龄Gustav Theodor Fechner BrocaLuriaPosnerYerkesDodsonWeinerDeciBanduraDweckMcClellendGagnéAusubelEdward C. Tolman Wilhelm WundtR. SimonWilliam JamesJohn DeweyJames AngellJohn WatsonMax Wertheimer Sigmund FreudErik EriksonU. NeisserKarl Spencer Lashley IzardJean PiagetBrunerWoodworthEdward Lee Thorndike kohlerKahnemanR. J. Sternberg GardnerRoger Wolcott Sperry Abraham Harold Maslow Carl Ransom Rogers TreismanBroadbantShiffrin 谢夫H. L. Hollingworth Ebbinghaus 费希纳布洛卡鲁利亚波斯纳耶克斯道德森韦纳德西班杜拉德韦克麦克兰德加涅奥苏贝尔托尔曼冯特西蒙詹姆士杜威安吉尔华生维特海默弗洛伊德埃里克森奈瑟尔拉什利伊扎德皮亚杰布鲁纳伍德沃斯桑代克科勒卡尼曼斯滕伯格加德纳斯佩里马斯洛罗杰斯特瑞斯曼布罗德本特谢夫林霍林沃思艾宾浩斯。