知识图谱Unit 1 Language知识精讲一、必背词汇nationality n. 国籍Australian adj. 澳大利亚的 n. 澳大利亚人Canadian n. 加拿大人 adj. 加拿大的Indian n. 印度人 adj. 印度的Japanese n. 日本人；日语 adj. 日本的，日本人的Russian n. 俄罗斯人；俄语gesture n. 手势；姿势thumb n. 拇指wave v. 挥手；挥臂 n. 波浪；海浪simply adv. 仅仅，只是；简单地nod v. 点头agreement n. (意见或看法)一致；协定finger n. 手指silence n. 安静；沉默differently adv. 不同地western adj. 西方的shrug v. 耸肩shoulder n. 肩，肩膀Asian adj. 亚洲人的 n. 亚洲人bow v. 鞠躬，点头greet v. 和(某人)打招呼custom n. 习惯；风俗certain adj. 某种；肯定traveller n. 旅行者kiss v. 亲吻；n. 吻European adj. 欧洲的cheek n. 面颊，脸颊rude adj. 粗鲁的；无礼的bottom n. 底部pat v. 轻拍anger n. 怒火，怒气clap v. 鼓掌，拍手mate n. 朋友，伙伴gas n. 汽油；天然气；气体sneaker n. 运动鞋petrol n. 汽油confused adj. 糊涂的，迷惑的standard adj. 标准的，正常的 n. 标准spelling n. 拼写grey adj. 灰色的(= gray)native adj. 本地的；出生地的speaker n. 说话者；发音者；扬声器confusing adj. 难以理解的，不清楚的check n. 账单 v. 检查note n. 钞票；笔记used adj. 习惯于；用过的，旧的jumper n. (毛或棉的)针织套衫apartment n. 公寓套房tip n. 实用的提示；小费structure n. 结构chant n. 重复唱的歌词；歌谣reward v. 奖励，奖赏 n. 奖励；回报method n. 方法suit v. 适合familiar adj. 熟悉的subtitle n. 字幕phrase n. 短语，词组continuously adv.不断地，持续地image n. 图像frustrated adj. 懊丧，懊恼topic n. 主题；话题refer v. 参考；涉及table n. 表格；桌子二、重点词汇1. gesture noun /ˈdʒestʃər/1). a movement of the hands, arms, or head, etc. to express an idea or feeling手势；姿势；示意动作例句：The prisoner raised his fist in a gesture of defiance as he was led out of the courtroom.犯人在被带出法庭时，举起拳头以示抗议。

She made a rude gesture at the other driver.她对另一个司机做了个粗鲁的手势。

2). an action that expresses your feelings or intentions, although it might have little practical effect 姿态；表示例句：The government donated £500,000 as a gesture of goodwill.该政府捐助了50万英镑以示友善。

Eating boiled potatoes instead of chips was his only gesture towards healthy eating.他说要注意饮食健康，可也仅仅是改吃水煮土豆而不是薯片了而已。

2. silence noun /ˈsaɪləns/1). a period without any sound; complete quiet 宁静；寂静例句：A loud crash of thunder broke the silence of the night.一声炸雷打破了夜晚的宁静。

After he had spoken, a deathly silence fell on the room.他开口讲话，房间内一篇死寂。

2). a state of not speaking or writing or making a noise无声；沉默；缄默例句：The soldiers listened in silence as their captain gave the orders.指挥官下达命令时，士兵们静静地听着。

"Silence! (= Stop talking!)" shouted the teacher.“安静！”老师喊道。

3. agreement noun /əˈgriːmənt/1). the situation in which people have the same opinion, or in which they approve of or accept something 意见一致；同意；应允例句：The whole family was in agreement with her about/on what they should do.关于他们应该做什么，全家人都和她意见一致。

If the three parties cannot reach agreement now, there will be a civil war.如果这3个政党现在不能达成一致，内战将不可避免。

2). a decision or arrangement, often formal and written, between two or more groups or people协议，协定；和约例句：The government has signed an international arms control agreement.政府签署了一项国际军备控制协议。

They have broken (the terms of) the agreement on human rights.他们违反了人权协议（条款）。

【拓展】agreement的动词性为agree，常用固定搭配有：agree with sb. 同意某人观点 agree to do sth. 同意做某事agree on sth. 在某事上达成共识4. custom noun /ˈkʌstəm/1). a way of behaving or a belief that has been established for a long time风俗，习俗；传统例句：In my country, it's the custom (for women) to get married in white.在我国，女子结婚穿白衣是一种习俗。

What customs do you have for New Year in your country?在你们国家，新年都有什么习俗？2). he support given to a business, especially a shop, by the people who buy things or services from it （尤指对商店的）光顾，惠顾例句：Most of our custom comes from tourists nowadays.如今我们大部分生意来自游客。

If we don't give good service, people will take their custom elsewhere.如果我们不能提供良好的服务，人们就会光顾别处。

5. reward noun /rɪˈwɔːd/1). something given in exchange for good behavior or good work, etc.报答；报偿；酬谢；奖赏例句：There's a reward for whoever finishes first.无论谁先完成都会得到一份奖赏。

The rewards of motherhood outweigh the anguish.做母亲得到的回报大于经受的痛苦。

2). to give someone a reward报答；报偿；奖赏例句：The company rewarded him for his years of service with a grand farewell party and several presents.公司为了答谢他多年为公司所作的贡献，为他举行了一个隆重的欢送会，还赠送了他几件礼物。

All his hard work was rewarded (= was made worth it) when he saw his book in print.看到了自己的书付梓出版，他感到一切的艰辛都得到了回报。

6. method noun /ˈmeθəd/a particular way of doing something 方法，方式例句：Travelling by train is still one of the safest methods of transport.乘坐火车仍是最安全的交通出行方式之一。

The new teaching methods encourage children to think for themselves.新的教学方法鼓励孩子们独立思考。

7. frustrated adjective /frʌsˈtreɪtɪd/1). feeling annoyed or less confident because you cannot achieve what you want灰心；气馁例句：Are you feeling frustrated in your present job?你做现在这份工作感觉失意吗？2). used to say that a person who has not succeeded in a particular type of job失意的；不成功的例句：Frustrated writers often end up in publishing.失意的作家最后往往投身出版业。