WEEK 2 TRANSLATION PROCESS Literal & Liberal TranslationI Warm-up Practice✧Most automobile engines are internal combustion(内燃), reciprocating往复式4-stroke四冲程gasoline汽油engines, but other types have been used, including the diesel煤油and the 2-stroke.✧Homer sometimes nods.荷马有时也打盹智者千虑必有一失/人非圣贤孰能无过/人无完人✧Selling refrigerators to the Eskimos is like carrying coals to Newcastle.carry coal to Newcastle 画蛇添足向爱斯基摩人推销电冰箱简直是白费力气。
✧Chief Executive Donald Tsang曾荫权Edmund Ho何厚铧Bruce Lee 李小龙Jackie Chan成龙Andy Lau 刘德华✧Any person who in any manner, makes use of or accepts the use of any apparatus,appliance, facility, privilege, or service whatsoever owned, leased, or operated by the Club, or who engages in any contest, game, function, exercise, competition,or other activity operated, organized, arranged, or sponsored by the Club, either on or off the club premises, shall do so at his or her own risk, and shall release and hold the Club, CITIC Shanqin Bay Golf Club, their affiliates, operators, governors, Executive Committee, officers, employees, representatives, and agents harmless from any and all loss, cost, claim, injury, damage or liability sustained or incurred by him or her, resulting from encounters with snakes and/or other native wildlife while on Club property.炒牛河Wet/ Dry-fried rice noodles with sliced beef芒果冰沙Mango shakeII Translation Process翻译过程四步走1. 译前准备2. 原文理解3. 译语表达4. 校对定稿2.1 译前准备背景知识准备翻译目的、译文功能、翻译对象、客户要求……Translation brief （翻译要求）Target readerTranslation policyInternet, books, papers，references……2.1.1 背景知识准备杨苡Wuthering Heights《咆哮山庄》《呼啸山庄》2.1.2 《红楼梦》翻译杨宪益、戴乃迭（A Dream of Red Mansions ）戴维.霍克斯David Hawkes （The Story of the Stone）2.1.3 Internet search有道绍兴文理学院数据库香港律政司数据库北大法宝人大法律数据库Google ENGLISH WEBSITESTaiwanUKHK2.2 理解阶段2.2.1 Understand the context✧I never had much in seeing you. There was no love lost between us at any time. 我向来不大想看到你，咱们俩人之间大概什么时候都不曾有过好感。
（没有爱可失去）We grumble a little now and then, to be sure. But there’s no love lost between us.当然喽，我们有时也免不了争论几句，但是我们还是相亲相爱。
（没有失去爱）✧Career officers complain about our educational system that presents them withschool-leavers without ideas for employment.下文（Employers deplore the fact that teenagers are unable to spell and write and calculate. ）译文一：负责就业的官员抱怨，我们现在的教育制度在向社会提供毕业生时根本没有就业观念。
译文二：负责就业的官员抱怨，我们现在的教育制度向社会提供的毕业生根本没有就业观念。
2.2.2 Understand words in the context✧The old man informed us that his wife had had thirteen children, one in everymonth of the year and one over besides.老人风趣地（煞有介事地）告诉我们，他的妻子生了13个孩子，如果用一年十二个月一个月一个的话，还多出一个来。
✧“死”in Chinese死、亡、故、卒、逝、殺、毙、殒、崩、薨亡故、身故、谢世、作古、归天、丧命、暴卒、夭折、羽化、就木、大行、殉情、挺腿、完蛋回老家、玩儿完、填沟壑、山陵崩溘然长逝、驾鹤西游、死于非命、玉殒香消、寿终正寝、一命呜呼、粉身碎骨、见马克思……“死”in Engli shDie, expire,Pass away,Kick the bucketRest in peaceBreathe one’s lastReturn to dustJoin the choir invisibleGo to one’s last homeGo to gloryDrop dead✧Sonnet 18 W. Shakespeare•Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?•Thou art more lovely and more temperate:•Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,•And summer's lease hath all too short a date:•Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,•And often is his gold complexion dimmed,And every fair from fair sometime declines,•By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed:•But thy eternal summer shall not fade,•Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st,•Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade,•When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st,So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,•So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.✧He was the late president’s alter ego and he is a close and influential friend of thepresident to be in office.昨晚我听到他把猪赶到市场上去了昨晚我听到他鼾声如雷，（声音就像把猪赶到市场上去一样）。
✧and that government of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perishfrom the earth.民有、民治、民享之政府当免于凋零（Abraham Lincoln, the Gettysburg Address）2.2.3 Understand the logic✧…When he was a young f ellow in the sixties.✧There is a definite link between smoking and lung cancer. But this doesn’t makeyou too uncomfortable because you are in good company.2.3 To Express/reproduce定义：1.. Literal translation takes sentences as its basic units and the whole text into consideration at the same time in the course of translating.2. Literal translation strives to reproduce both the ideological content and style of the entire literary work and retain as much as possible the figures of speech and main sentence structures or patterns.直译是指在尽量保持原文语言形式不变的基础上，用地道的译入语准确再现原作的内容与风格。
即在确切表达原文的基础上，注重原文的句子结构。