Competence and Performance
（second language acquisition)
• • competence • (internal )
comprehension(indirectly)
superior to prior to
production(directly)
• • performance
Acquisition and Learning
• The distinction between acquisition and learning is formally made by S.Krashen.
• According to Krashen, acquisition refers to subconscious learning in the natural environment that is not influenced by explicit instruction in a second language's rules and system or about errors(1985)
• basic similarity: non-native language • basic distinction:
education,goverment or business(ESL)
geographical context little exposure to native use of the language or few opportunities(EFL)
Competence and Performance
• It is a distinction introduced by Chomsky into linguistic theory but of wider application.
Competence and Performance
• Competence refers to a speaker's knowledge of his language as manifest in his ability to produce and to understand a theoretically infinite number of sentences most of which he may have never seen or heard before.
Unit 3
Defining Concepts of Second Language Acquisiton
Contents ❶ Competence and Performance ❷ First Language, Second Language, and Foreign Language ❸ Acquisition and Learning ❹ Input and Output ❺ Interlanguage ❻ Variability ❼ Fossilization ❽ Language Transfer
First Language,Second Language, and Foreign Language
similarities and differences
First Language,Second Language, and Foreign Language
• Sencond language vs Foreign language
First Language,Second Language, and Foreign Language
• Foreign Language is an additional language taught and learned in a non-target language environment.
accompanying the use of language.
• It is the actual production or use of language such as speaking ,writing,or the comprehension(listening,reading)of linguistic events
First Language,Second Language, and Foreign Language
• Second Language refers to the learning of an additional language after learners have acquired their mother tongue.
First Language,Second Language, and Foreign Language
first language vs second language
1.second language is acquired later than a first language 2.second language has lower proficiency level than that of first language
• 这实际上是说写或者语言界中的理解（听看）等方面的产出与运 用
Competence and Performance
• relations • comprehension(listening and reading)≠competence • production(speaking and writing) ≠performance
(external)
comprehension producecond Language, and Foreign Language
• First Language refers to the mother tongue one learns during childhood
能力是指一个语言习得者在他的语言知识上显示出他能够理解并 能够产出之前从没见过或听说过的句子。
Competence and Performance
• Performance refers to the specific utterances, including gramatical mistakes and non-linguistic features such as hesitations,