土木工程专业英语词汇集1.建筑专业 1. ARCHITECTUREa.设计依据DESIGN BASISb.设计阶段DESIGN STAGEc.气象条件CLIMATE CONDITIONd. 常用房间名称 GENERAL ROOM NAMEe. 屋面与天棚ROOFING & CEILINGf. 墙体(外墙板) WALL(CLADDING)g. 地面与地沟FLOOR & TRENCHh.门、玻璃、窗与五金件DOORS、GLASS、WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE)I.楼梯、休息平台与电梯STAIRCASE、LANDING & LIFT(ELEVATOR)j.建筑材料词汇与短语 BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES砖和瓦【 Bricks and Tiles 】灰、砂和石【Lime, Sand and Stone】水泥、砂浆和混凝土【Cement, Mortar and Concrete】饰面与粉刷材料【Facing And Plastering Materials】沥青和石棉【Asphalt (Bitumen) and Asbestos】木材【Timber】金属材料【Metallic Materials 】有色金属【Non-Ferrous Metal 】防腐蚀材料【Anti-Corrosion Materials】建筑五金【Building Hardware 】油漆【Paint 】k.其他建筑术语 OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS专业【Discipline 】一般术语【Conventional Terms】建筑物理【Architectural Physics】职务名称【Name Of Professional role】制图【Drafting】2.结构专业 2. STRUCTUREa. 负载 LOADb.地基和基础 GROUND BASE AND FOUNDATIONc.钢筋混凝土结构 REINFORCEMENT CONCRETE STRUCTUREd.钢结构 STEEL STRUCTUREe.抗震设计 DESIGN FOR ANTISEISMICf. 设计常用词汇GENERAL WORDS FOR DESIGNg.施工常用词汇 GENERAL WORDS FOR CONSTRUCTION1.建筑专业 1. ARCHITECTUREa. 设计依据 DESIGN BASIS计划建议书 planning proposals设计任务书 design order标准规范 standards and codes条件图information drawing设计基础资料b asic data for design工艺流程图 process flow chart工程地质资料e ngineering geological data原始资料 original data设计进度schedule of designb. 设计阶段S TAGE OF DESIGN方案scheme；draft草图sketch会谈纪要 summary of discussion,minutes of meeting 谈判negotiation可行性研究feasibility study初步设计preliminary design基础设计basic design详细设计detail design询价图enquiry drawing施工图working drawing, construction drawing竣工图as built drawingc. 气象条件C LIMATE CONDITION日照sunshine风玫瑰wind rose主导风向prevailing wind direction最大(平均)风速maximum (mean) wind velocity风荷载wind load最大(平均)降雨量maximum (mean) rainfall雷击与闪电 thunder and lightning飓风hurricane台风typhoon旋风cyclone降雨强度 rainfall intensity年降雨量 annual rainfall湿球温度 wet bulb temperature干球温度dry bulb temperature冰冻期frost period冰冻线frost line冰冻区frost zone室外计算温度c alculating outdoor temperature 采暖地区 region with heating provision不采暖地区 region without heating provision 绝对大气压absolute atmospheric pressure相对湿度 relative humidityd.常用房间名称GENERAL ROOM NAME服务用房 service room换班室shift room休息室rest room (break room)起居室living room浴室bathroom淋浴间shower更衣室locker room厕所lavatory门厅 lobby诊室clinic工作间workshop电气开关室 switchroom走廊corridor档案室 archive电梯机房 lift motor room会议室(正式) conference room衣柜间ward robe暖风间 H.V.A.C room接待处 reception area会计室accountant room秘书室secretary room电气室 electrical room控制室control room工长室foreman office开关柜室switch gear前室 antecabinet (Ante.)生产区production area马达控制中心Mcc多功能用房 utility room化验室laboratory room经理室manager room披屋(阁楼) p enthouse警卫室guard housee. 屋面与天棚ROOFING AND CEILING女儿墙 parapet雨蓬canopy屋脊roof ridge坡度 slope坡跨比 pitch分水线 water-shed二毡三油 2 layers of felt & 3 coats of bitumastic 附加油毡一层e xtra ply of felt檐口eave挑檐overhanging eave檐沟eave gutter平屋面flat roof坡屋面pitched roof雨水管downspout, rain water pipe)(R.W.P)汇水面积catchment area泛水flashing内排水 interior drainage外排水 exterior drainage屋面排水 roof drainage找平层 leveling course卷材屋面built-up roofing天棚ceiling檩条purlin屋面板roofing board天花板ceiling board防水层water-proof course检查孔inspection hole人孔 ; 探空 manhole吊顶suspended ceiling, false ceiling檐板(窗帘盒) c ornicef.墙体(外墙板) WALL (CLADDING)砖墙brick wall砌块墙block wall清水砖墙brick wall without plastering 抹灰墙 rendered wall石膏板墙 gypsum board, plaster board空心砖墙 hollow brick wall承重墙 bearing wall非承重墙non-bearing wall纵墙longitudinal wall横墙transverse wall外墙external (exterior) wall内墙internal (interior) wall填充墙filler wall防火墙fire wall窗间墙wall between window空心墙cavity wall压顶 coping圈梁gird, girt, girth玻璃隔断glazed wall防潮层damp-proof course (D.P.C)遮阳板sunshade阳台balcony伸缩缝expansion joint沉降缝settlement joint抗震缝seismic joint复合夹心板sandwich board压型单板 corrugated single steel plate外墙板cladding panel复合板composite panel轻质隔断light-weight partition牛腿 bracket砖烟囱 brick chimney勒脚(基座) plinthg. 地面与地沟FLOOR AND TRENCH地坪grade地面和楼面ground and floor素土夯实 rammed earth炉渣夯实 tamped cinder填土filled earth回填土夯实tamped backfill垫层 bedding course, blinding面层covering, finish结合层 bonding (binding) course找平层 leveling course素水泥浆结合层 neat cement binding course混凝土地面 concrete floor水泥地面cement floor机器磨平混凝土地面machine trowelled concrete floor 水磨石地面 terrazzo flooring马赛克地面 mosaic flooring瓷砖地面ceramic tile flooring油地毡地面linoleum flooring预制水磨石地面precast terrazzo flooring硬木花地面 hard-wood parquet flooring搁栅joist硬木毛地面hard-wood rough flooring企口板地面tongued and grooved flooring防酸地面 acid-resistant floor钢筋混凝土楼板 reinforced concrete slab (R.C Slab) 乙烯基地面vinyl flooring水磨石嵌条 divider strip for terrazzo地面做2％坡f loor with 2% slope集水沟 gully集水口 gulley排水沟 drainage trench沟盖板trench cover活动盖板 removable cover plate集水坑 sump pit孔翻边 hole up stand电缆沟 cable trenchh. DOORS,GLASS,WINDOWS & IRONMONGERY(HARDWARE) 门、玻璃、窗与五金件木 (钢)门wooden (steel) door镶板门panelled door夹板门plywood door铝合金门aluminum alloy door卷帘门 roller shutter door弹簧门 swing door推拉门sliding door平开门 side-hung door折叠门 folding door旋转门revolving door玻璃门glazed door密闭门air-Tight door保温门thermal insulating door镀锌铁丝网门g alvanized steel wire mesh door防火门 fire door(大门上的)小门wicket门框door frame门扇door leaf门洞door opening结构开洞 structural opening单扇门single door双扇门double door疏散门emergency door纱门 screen door门槛 door sill门过梁 door lintel上冒头 top rail下冒头bottom rail门边木 stile门樘侧料 side jumb槽口notch百叶窗 (通风为主) sun-bind, louver (louver, shutter, blind) 塑钢窗plastic steel window空腹钢窗hollow steel window固定窗fixed window平开窗side-hung window推拉窗sliding window气窗 transom上悬窗top-hung window中悬窗 center-pivoted window下悬窗 hopper window活动百叶窗 adjustable louver天窗skylight老虎窗 dormer window密封双层玻璃sealed double glazing钢筋混凝土过梁reinforced concrete lintel钢筋砖过梁 reinforced brick lintel窗扇casement sash窗台window sill窗台板window board窗中梃mullion窗横木mutin窗边木stile压缝条cover mould窗帘盒 curtain box合页(铰链) hinge (butts)转轴 pivot长脚铰链 parliament hinge闭门器 door closer地弹簧 floor closer插销bolt门锁door lock拉手 pull链条chain门钩door hanger碰球 ball latch窗钩window catch暗插销 insert bolt电动开关器 electrical opener平板玻璃 plate glass夹丝玻璃wire glass透明玻璃clear glass毛玻璃(磨砂玻璃) ground glass (frosted glass)防弹玻璃 bullet-proof glass石英玻璃 quartz glass吸热玻璃heat absorbing glass磨光玻璃polished glass着色玻璃pigmented glass玻璃瓦glass tile玻璃砖glass block有机玻璃organic glassI 楼梯、休息平台与电梯 STAIRCASE, LANDING & LIFT (ELEVATOR)楼梯间 staircase疏散梯 emergency stair旋转梯 spiral stair (circular stair)吊车梯crane ladder直爬梯vertical ladder踏步step扇形踏步 winder (wheel step)踏步板tread档步板riser踏步宽度 tread width防滑条non-slip insert (strips)栏杆 railing (balustrade)平台栏杆 platform railing吊装孔栏杆 railing around mounting hole扶手 handrail梯段高度 height of flight防护梯笼protecting cage (safety cage)平台landing (platform)操作平台operating platform装卸平台 platform for loading & unloading楼梯平台stair landing电梯机房lift mortar room电梯坑 lift pit电梯井道 lift shaftj. 建筑材料词汇与短语BUILDING MATERIAL WORDS AND PHRASES 砖和瓦Bricks and Tiles红砖red brick粘土砖 clay brick瓷砖glazed brick (ceramic tile)防火砖 fire brick空心砖hollow brick面砖 facing brick地板砖 flooring tile缸砖 clinkery brick马赛克 mosaic陶粒混凝土 ceramsite concrete琉璃瓦glazed tile脊瓦ridge tile石棉瓦asbestos tile (shingle)波形石棉水泥瓦corrugated asbestos cement sheet灰、砂和石 Lime, Sand and Stone石膏 gypsum大理石 marble汉白玉white marble花岗岩 granite碎石crushed stone毛石 rubble蛭石 vermiculite珍珠岩 pearlite卵石cobble砾石gravel粗砂course sand中砂medium sand细砂fine sand水泥、砂浆和混凝土Cement, Mortar and Concrete波特兰水泥(普通硅酸盐水泥) Portland cement硅酸盐水泥 silicate cement火山灰水泥 pozzolana cement白水泥white cement水泥砂浆cement mortar石灰砂浆 lime mortar水泥石灰砂浆(混合砂浆) cement-lime mortar保温砂浆thermal mortar防水砂浆water-proof mortar耐酸砂浆acid-resistant mortar耐碱砂浆 alkaline-resistant mortar沥青砂浆 bituminous mortar纸筋灰paper strip mixed lime mortar麻刀灰hemp cut lime mortar灰缝 mortar joint素混凝土 plain concrete钢筋混凝土 reinforced concrete轻质混凝土 lightweight concrete细石混凝土 fine aggregate concrete沥青混凝土 asphalt concrete泡沫混凝土 foamed concrete炉渣混凝土 cinder concrete饰面与粉刷材料Facing And Plastering Materials水刷石granitic plaster斩假石artificial stone刷浆 lime wash可赛银casein大白浆white wash麻刀灰打底 hemp cuts and lime as base喷大白浆两道s prayed twice with white wash分格抹水泥砂浆cement mortar plaster sectioned板条抹灰lath and plaster沥青和石棉 Asphalt(Bitumen) and Asbestos沥青卷材 asphalt felt沥青填料asphalt filler沥青胶泥 asphalt grout冷底子油adhesive bitumen primer沥青玛啼脂 asphaltic mastic沥青麻丝bitumastic oakum石棉板asbestos sheet石棉纤维 asbestos fiber木材Timber裂缝crack透裂split环裂shake干缩shrinkage翘曲warping原木log圆木round timber方木square timber板材 plank木条 batten板条lath木板board红松red pine白松white pine落叶松 deciduous pine云杉 spruce樟木camphor wood防腐处理的木材preservative-treated lumber 胶合板 plywood三(五)合板 3(5)- plywood企口板 tongued and grooved board层夹板 laminated plank胶合层夹木材glue-laminated lumber纤维板 fiber-board金属材料 Metallic Materials黑色金属 ferrous metal圆钢steelbBar方钢square steel扁钢steel atrap型钢steel section (shape)槽钢channel角钢angle steel等边角钢equal-leg angle不等边角钢 unequal-leg angle工字钢 I-beam宽翼缘工字钢wide flange I-beam丁( 之)字钢 T-bar (Z-bar)冷弯薄壁型钢l ight gauge cold-formed steel shape 热轧hot-rolled冷轧cold-rolled冷拉cold-drawn冷压cold-pressed合金钢alloy steel钛合金titanium alloy不锈钢stainless steel竹节钢筋corrugated steel bar变形钢筋 deformed bar光圆钢筋plain round bar钢板steel plate薄钢板thin steel plate低碳钢 low carbon steel冷弯 cold bending钢管 steel pipe (tube)无缝钢管 seamless steel pipe焊接钢管welded steel pipe黑铁管 iron pipe镀锌钢管galvanized steel pipe铸铁cast iron生铁 pig iron熟铁 wrought iron镀锌铁皮galvanized steel sheet镀锌铁丝 galvanized steel wire钢丝网 steel wire mesh多孔金属网 expanded metal锰钢 l managanese steel高强度合金钢high strength alloy steel有色金属 Non-Ferrous Metal白金 platinum铜 copper黄铜 brass青铜 bronze银 silver铝aluminum铅 lead防腐蚀材料Anti-Corrosion Materials聚乙烯 polythene, polyethylene尼龙 nylon聚氯乙烯PVC (polyvinyl chloride)聚碳酸酯polycarbonate聚苯乙烯polystyrene丙烯酸树酯 acrylic resin乙烯基酯vinyl ester橡胶内衬 rubber lining氯丁橡胶neoprene沥青漆 bitumen paint环氧树脂漆 epoxy resin paint氧化锌底漆 zinc oxide primer防锈漆 anti-rust paint耐酸漆acid-resistant paint耐碱漆alkali-resistant paint水玻璃sodium silicate树脂砂浆resin-bonded mortar环氧树脂 epoxy resinBuilding Hardware 建筑五金钉子nails螺纹屋面钉spiral-threaded roofing nail 环纹石膏板钉a nnular-ring gypsum board nail 螺丝screws平头螺丝flat-head screw螺栓 bolt普通螺栓 commercial/plain bolt高强螺栓 high strength bolt预埋螺栓 insert bolt胀锚螺栓 cinch bolt垫片 washer油漆 Paint底漆 primer防锈底漆 rust-inhibitive primer防腐漆 anti-corrosion paint调和漆mixed paint无光漆flat paint透明漆varnish银粉漆aluminum paint磁漆 enamel paint干性油 drying oil稀释剂thinner焦油 tar沥青漆asphalt paint桐油 tung oil, Chinese wood oil红丹 red lead铅油 lead oil腻子puttyk. OTHER ARCHITECTURAL TERMS 其它建筑术语专业Discipline建筑architecture土木 civil给排水water supply and drainage总图plot plan采暖通风H.V.A.C (heating、ventilation and air conditioning)电力供应electric power supply电气照明 electric lighting电讯 telecommunication仪表instrument热力供应 heat power supply动力mechanical power工艺 process technology管道 piping一般通用名词C onventional Terms建筑原理architectonics建筑形式architectural style 民用建筑civil architecture 城市建筑urban architecture 农村建筑 rural architecture附属建筑auxiliary buildings 城市规划city planning厂区内 within site厂区外offsite封闭式closed type开敞式open type半开敞式semi-open type模数制modular system单位造价unit cost概算preliminary estimate承包商constructor, contractor 现场 site扩建 extension改建 reconstruction防火 fire-prevention防震 aseismatic, quake-proof 防腐anti-corrosion防潮 dump-proof防水water-proof防尘 dust-proof防锈rust-proof车流量traffic volume货流量freight traffic volume 人流量pedestrian volume透视图 perspective drawing建筑模型 building model建筑物理 Architectural Physics照明illumination照度degree of illumination亮度brightness日照sunshine天然采光natural lighting光强light intensity侧光side light顶光top light眩光 glaze方位角 azimuth辐射 radiation对流convection传导conduction遮阳sun-shade保温thermal insulation恒温constant temperature恒湿constant humidity噪音noise隔音sound-proof吸音sound absorption露点dew point隔汽 vapor-proof职务名称Name Of Professional role项目经理project manager (PM)设计经理design manager首席建筑师principal architect总工程师chief engineer土木工程师 civil engineer工艺工程师 process engineer电气工程师 electrical engineer机械工程师 mechanical engineer计划工程师 planning engineer助理工程师 assistant engineer实习生probationer专家specialist, expert制图员draftsman技术员technician制图 Drafting总说明general specification工程说明project specification采用标准规范目录list of standards and specification adopted图纸目录list of drawings平面图plan局部放大图 detail with enlarged scale．．．平面示意图schematic plan of...．．．平剖面图sectional plan of...留孔平面图 plan of provision of holes剖面section纵剖面longitudinal section横剖面 cross (transverse) section立面 elevation正立面 front elevation透视图perspective drawing侧立面side elevation背立面 back elevation详图detail drawings典型节点typical detail节点号 detail No.首页front page图纸目录与说明list of contents and description图例legend示意图diagram草图sketch荷载简图 load diagram流程示意图 flow diagram标准图standard drawing．．．布置图. layout of ..地形图topographical map土方工程图 earth-work drawing展开图developed drawing模板图formwork drawing配筋arrangement of reinforcement表格tables工程进度表 working schedule技术经济指标t echnical and economical index建、构筑物一览表list of buildings and structures 编号coding序列号serial No.行和栏rows and columns备注remarks等级grade直线straight Line曲线curves曲折线 zigzag line虚线 dotted line实线 solid line影线 hatching line点划线dot and dash line轴线axis等高线contour Line中心线center Line双曲线hyperbola抛物线parabola切线tangent Line尺寸线dimension Line园形 round环形 annular方形square矩形 rectangle平行四边形 parallelogram三角形 triangle五角形 pentagon六角形hexagon八角形octagon梯形 trapezoid圆圈 circle弓形sagment扇形 sector球形的spherical抛物面 paraboloid圆锥形cone椭圆形ellipse, oblong面积area体积volume容量capacity重量weight质量 mass牛顿/平方米 Newton/square meter 千克/立方米k ilogram/cubic meter 加仑gallon千磅kip平均尺寸 average dimension变尺寸variable dimension外形尺寸overall dimension展开尺寸developed dimension 内径 inside diameter外径 outside diameter净重 net weight毛重gross weight净空clearance净高headroom净距clear distance净跨clear span截面尺寸 sectional dimension开间 bay进深 depth单跨single span双跨double span多跨multi-span标高elevation, level绝对标高absolute elevation 设计标高designed elevation 室外地面标高ground elevation室内地面标高floor elevation 柱网column grid坐标 coordinate厂区占地site area使用面积 usable area辅助面积service area通道面积 passage area管架pipe rack管廊pipeline gallery架空管线 overhead pipeline排水沟drain ditch集水坑sump pit喷泉 fountain地漏floor drain消火栓fire hydrant灭火器 fire extinguisher二氧化碳灭火器carbon dioxide extinguisher 卤代烷灭火器halon extinguisher2. 结构专业STRUCTUREa. 荷载 Load拔力pulling force标准值standard value残余应力residual stress冲击荷载 impact load, punch load残余变形 residual deflection承压bearing承载能力 bearing capacity承重bearing, load bearing承重结构bearing structure脆性材料brittle material脆性破坏brittle failure抵抗力resisting power, resistance吊车荷载crane load分布荷载distributed load风荷载 wind load风速 wind velocity, wind speed风压wind pressure风振wind vibration浮力 buoyance, floatage符号 symbol, mark负弯矩negative moment, hogging moment 附加荷载 additional load附加应力 additional stress副作用 side effect, by-effect刚度 rigidity刚度比 ratio of rigidity刚度系数rigidity factor刚接 rigid connection刚性节点rigid joint恒载dead load荷载传递transmission of load固端弯矩 fixed-end moment活荷载live load积灰荷载 dust load集中荷载 concentrated load加载, 加荷 loading剪力shear, shearing force剪切破坏shear failure剪应变shear strain剪应力shear stress简支 simple support静定结构statically determinate structure截面模量modulus of section, section modulus 静力static force静力分析 static analysis局部压力 local pressure, partial pressure局部压屈 local bulkling绝对值absolute value均布荷载 uniformly distributed load抗拔力 pulling resistance抗剪刚度shear rigidity抗剪强度 shear strength, shearing strength 抗拉强度tensile strength抗扭torsion resistance抗扭刚度 torsional rigidity抗弯 bending resistance抗弯刚度 bending rigidity抗压强度 compressive strength,可靠性reliability可靠性设计 reliability design拉力tensile force拉应力 tensile stress, tension stress拉应变tensile strain, tension strain临界点critical point临界荷载 critical load临界应力critical stress密度density离心力centrifugal force摩擦力friction force摩擦系数 frictional factor挠度deflection内力internal force, inner force扭矩moment of torsion, torsional moment疲劳强度 fatigue strength偏心荷载 eccentric load, non-central load偏心距eccentric distance, eccentricity偏心受拉 eccentric tension偏心受压 eccentric compression屈服强度 yield strength使用荷载 working load水平力horizontal force水平推力 horizontal thrust弹塑性变形 elastoplastic deformation弹性 elasticity, resilience, spring塑限 plastic limit弹性变形 elastic deformation弹性模量 modulus of elastic, elastic modulus 体积volume, bulk, cubature, cubage土压力 earth pressure, soil pressure弯矩bending moment, moment弯曲半径 radius at bent, radius of curve位移 displacement温度应力 temperature stress温度作用 temperature action系数coefficient, factor雪荷载snow load压应变compression strain压应力 compression stress应力集中 concentration of stress预应力 prestressing force, prestress振动荷载 vibrating load, racking load支座反力 support reaction自重 own weight作用action, effect作用点point of application,application joint b. 地基与基础 Ground Base and Foundation板桩 sheet pile, sheeting pile板桩基础 sheet pile foundation饱和粘土 saturation clay冰冻线frost line, freezing level不均匀沉降unequal settlement, differential settlement 残积土residual soil沉积物deposit, sediment沉降 settlement沉降差difference in settlement沉降缝settlement joint沉井sinking well, sunk well沉箱 caisson持力层bearing stratum冲积alluviation锤夯hammer tamping档土墙retaining wall, breast wall底板base slab, base plate, bed plate地板 floor board地基ground base, ground地基承载力ground bearing capacity地基处理 ground treatment, soil treatment地基稳定 base stabilization地梁ground beam, ground sill地下工程substructure work,understructure work地下室 basement, cellar地下水ground water地下水位 groundwater level, water table地下水压力ground water pressure地质报告 geologic report垫层bedding, blinding独立基础 isolated foundation, individual foundation端承桩end-bearing pile筏式基础 raft foundation粉砂silt, rock flour粉质粘土 silty clay粉质土silty soil扶壁式档土墙b uttressed retaining wall腐蚀corrosion覆土 earth covering刚性基础 rigid foundation沟盖板trench cover固结consolidation灌注桩cast-in-place pile, cast in site pile 护坡slope protection, revetment护桩guard pile环墙 ring wall灰土lime earth回填backfill, backfilling回填土 backfill, backfill soil混凝土找平层c oncrete screed火山灰水泥trass cement基槽foundation trench基础foundation, base基础底板 foundation slab基础埋深embedded depth of foundation基础foundation plan地基勘 site exploration, site investigation 基坑foundation pit集水坑collecting sump阶形基础 stepped foundation结合层binding course, bonding course井点 well point井点排水 well point unwatering开挖excavation, cutting勘测exploration and survey勘测资料exploration data沥青 bitumen, asphalt, pitch联合基础 combined foundation卵石cobble, pebble埋置embedment毛石基础 rubble foundation锚筋anchor bar锚桩anchor pile密实度 compactness, density, denseness摩擦桩friction pile, floating pile粘土clay粘质粉土 clay silt碾压roller compaction, rolling排水 drainage, dewatering排水沟drainage ditch排水孔 weep hole, drain hole排水设备 dewatering equipment普通硅酸盐水泥ordinary Portland cement群桩grouped piles容许沉降 permissible settlement容许承载力allowable bearing软土soft soil砂垫层sand bedding course, sand cushion砂土sandy soil, sands砂质粉土sandy silt设备基础 equipment foundation水泥搅拌桩 cement injection素土夯实 rammed earth, packed soil碎石桩stone columns弹性地基elastic foundation弹性地基梁 beam on elastic foundation填方fill, filling填土earth-fill, earth filling, filling条形基础strip foundation土方工程earthwork挖方 excavation work, excavation箱形基础box foundation压实compaction, compacting压实系数 compacting factor验槽 check of foundation subsoil预制混凝土桩precast concrete pile中砂medium sand重力式档土墙g ravity retaining wall桩承台pile cap钻孔桩bored pile钻探exploration drilling, drilling,最终沉降 final settlementc.钢筋混凝土结构Reinforcement Concrete Structure板缝slab joint板厚thickness of slab板式楼梯 cranked slab stairs板跨度span of slab薄壁结构 thin-walled structure薄腹梁thin wedded girder保护层protective coating臂式吊车 boom crane, boom hoist边梁edge beam, boundary beam变截面variable cross-section变形缝movement joint变形钢筋 deformed bar初凝initial setting, pre-setting次梁secondary beam大型屋面板precast ribbed roof slab单层厂房 one-storied factory单筋梁beam with single reinforcement单跨single span单向板one-way slab垫块cushion block垫梁template beam吊车梁crane beam, crane girder顶棚抹灰 ceiling plastering端跨end span, tail bay多跨连续梁multi-span beam翻边upstand反梁upstand beam分布钢筋distribution-bar封闭式箍筋closed stirrup附加钢筋additional bar刚架rigid frame, stiff frame钢筋reinforcement, steel bar, bar钢筋表 Bar Schedules钢筋笼steel reinforcement cage钢筋间距 spacing of bars, bar spacing钢筋网, bar-mat reinforcement, mesh reinforcement 钢筋砖reinforced brick勾缝joint pointing构架frame, gallows构件member, structural member构造construction构造钢筋 constructional reinforcement构造柱 constructional column, tie column构筑物structure箍筋 hoop reinforcement, hooping箍筋间距 stirrup spacing固定端fixed end, retained end固端梁 fixed-end beam, fixed beam过梁lintel, breast summer混凝土强度等级 grade of concrete机制砖machine-made brick剪力墙 shear wall简支梁simply supported beam经济跨度economic span经济配筋率economic ratio of reinforcement劲性钢筋 stiff reinforcement劲性钢筋混凝土结构steel composite construction 径向钢筋 radial reinforcement抗剪钢筋 shear reinforcement抗拉钢筋 tension reinforcement受压钢筋 compression reinforcement可见裂缝 visible crack刻痕钢丝 indented steel wire坑pit, hollow, delve空斗墙 rowlock cavity wall, rolock wall空心板hollow slab空心砖隔墙 hollow tile partition跨度span框架 frame框架剪力墙结构frame-shear wall structure拉接钢筋 tie bar栏杆railing, banister栏杆立柱 railing post老化 aging累积误差 accumulated error肋形楼板ribbed floor slab冷拔低碳钢丝cold-drawn low-carbon wire冷脆性cold shortness, cooling brittleness冷弯cold bending冷轧 cold rolling离析segregation梁垫beam pad, template, pad梁挠度beam deflection楼梯斜梁string, stringer螺旋楼梯 spiral stair, winding staircase马鞍形壳 saddle shell锚固anchoring门框, 门樘door frame门式刚架 portal frame面砖, 墙面砖f acing tile, wall tile耐火混凝土fire-resisting concrete排架 bent, bent frame女儿墙parapet wall, parapet配筋率 reinforcement ratio配箍率stirrup ratio砌块 block圈梁 ring beam, tie beam, bond beam山墙gable深梁deep beam伸缩缝 expansion joint实腹梁solid web girder实腹柱solid web column竖向钢筋 vertical reinforcement双向配筋 two-way reinforcement素混凝土 plain concrete筒中筒结构 tube-in-tube structure网状钢筋 steel mesh reinforcement围堰cofferdam, coffer无梁楼盖flat slab, flat plate系梁tie beam预应力钢筋混凝土prestressed reinforced concrete 预应力构件 prestressed component预制prefabrication预制板precast slab预制构件 prefabrication component预制装配式结构prefabricated construction折板folded plate, folded slab折板结构folded-plate structure主筋main reinforcement, main bar主梁main beam, girder柱距column spacing, post spacing装配式结构fabricated structure纵梁longitudinal beam纵剖面longitudinal section纵向钢筋longitudinal bard. 钢结构 d. Steel Structure薄壁型钢light-gauge steel section, hollow steel section 不等肢角钢 unequal angle steel槽钢channel, channel steel背对背角钢组合angles back to back不锈钢stainless steel除锈rust-removal粗制螺栓 rough bolt, black bolt带钢strip steel, band iron单面焊single weld, one-side welding地脚螺栓foundation bolt, anchor bolt,holding down bolt 点焊spot welding, point welding电动葫芦electric hoist等边角钢 equal angle, equal leg angle对接焊, 对焊butt welding腹板 web plate, web腹杆web member腹板加劲件web stiffener杆rod, bar钢板steel plate钢管steel tube, steel pipe钢桁架steel truss钢框架steel frame钢梯, 爬梯steel ladder高强度螺栓 high strength bolt格构柱lattice column工字梁I-girder, I-beam工字钢 I-steel工字形截面 I-shaped cross-section焊缝welding seam焊接welding焊接长度 weld length焊条welding rod桁架truss红丹底漆 red lead primer红丹漆 red lead paint加劲肋stiffening rib, rib stiffener加劲板stiffening plate角钢angle steel节点joint, node节点板gusset plate, gusset节点位移joint displacement节间长度 panel length紧固螺栓 clamp bolt, fastening bolt精制螺栓 turned bolt可焊性weldability空腹桁架 open-web truss空间桁架 space truss肋板ribbed panel, ribbed slab连接板connecting plate, joint plate檩条purline螺母screw nut, nut螺栓bolt螺栓孔bolt hole螺纹screw thread, thread螺纹长度 length of thread螺纹钢screw-threaded steel, twisted steel 拉杆tie rod, tension rod满焊full weld铆钉rivet锰钢manganese steel喷砂sand blasting轻钢结构lightweight steel construction 三角架tripod上弦 top chord, upper chord上弦横向水平支撑upper lateral bracing上弦纵向水平支撑upper longitudinal bracing平面桁架 plane truss实腹刚架solid web rigid frame塔架pylon bent特种钢 special steel调和漆mixed paint贴角焊fillet weld, fillet welding托架bracket网架结构grid structure屋架roof truss, principal无缝钢管 seamless steel pipe系杆tie rod, tie bar, tie下弦bottom chord, lower chord下弦横向水平支撑 bottom lateral bracing斜撑diagonal brace, diagonal bracing型钢section steel, shaped steel悬索suspended cable, suspension cable压力焊pressure welding仰焊overhead welding, inverted welding翼缘flange翼缘板flange plate, cover plate轧制型钢rolled steel section支撑bracing, strutting铸铁管cast iron pipe组合槽钢 built-up channel组合截面 built-up section,compound section自动焊接 automatic weldinge. 抗震设计 e. Design for Antiseismic鞭梢效应 whipping effect场地类别site classification场地土site soil单自由度体系s ingle-degree of freedom system底部剪力法equivalent base shear method地震earthquake, seism地震烈度 earthquake intensity, seismic intensity。