定冠词definite article 不定冠词indefinite article 数词numeral 基数词cardinal numeral序数词ordinal numeral[B]句子成分[/B]members of sentences[/B]主语 subject 谓语predicate宾语 object 双宾语dual object直接宾语direct objec 间接宾语indirect object复合宾语complex object同源宾语cognate object[B]补语[/B][B]complement[/B]主补subject complement 宾补object complement语法grammar 句法syntax 词法morphology结构structure层次rank 句子 sentence从句 clause 词组 phrase 词类 part of speech单词 word 实词notional word 虚词structrural word 名词noun专有名词proper noun 普通名词 common noun 可数名词 countable noun 不可数名词uncountable noun 抽象名词abstract noun 具体名词concret moun物质名词 material noun 集体名词collective noun个体名词individual noun 介词preposition连词conjunction[B] 动词[/B][B]verb[/B]主动词main verb 及物动词transitive verb不及物动词intransitive verb 系动词link verb助动词auxiliary verb 情态动词modal verb规则动词regular verb 不规则动词irregular verb短语动词phrasal verb 限定动词finite verb非限定动词infinite verb 使役动词causative verb感官动词verb of senses 动态动词event verb静态动词state verb感叹词 exclamation形容词adjective方式副词 adverb of manner程度副词adverb of degree时间副词adverb of time地点副词adverb of place修饰性副词adjunct连接性副词conjunct疑问副词interogative adverb关系副词relative adverb代词pronoun人称代personal pronoun物主代词possesive pronoun反身代词reflexive pronoun相互代词reciprocal pronoun指示代词demonstrative pronoun疑问代词interrogative pronoun关系代词 relative pronoun不定代词indefinite pronoun物主代词possecive pronoun名词性物主代词nominal possesive prnoun形容词性物主代词adjectival possesive pronoun分数词fractional numeral形式form 单数形式singular form复数形式plural form 限定动词finite verb form非限定动词non-finite verb form原形base form从句clause从属句subordinate clause 并列句coordinate clause 名词从句nominal clause 定语从句attributive clause 状语从句 adverbial clause 宾语从句object clause主语从句subject clause 同位语从句 appositive clause 时间状语从句adverbial clause of time地点状语从句adverbial clause of place方式状语从句adverbial clause of manner让步状语从句adverbial clause of concession原因状语从句adverbial clause of cause结果状语从句adverbial clause of result目的状语从句adverbial clause of purpose条件状语从句adverbial clause of condition真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of real condition非真实条件状语从句adverbial clause of unreal condition含蓄条件句adverbial clause of implied condition错综条件句adverbial clause of mixed condition[B]句子[/B][B]sentence[/B]简单句 simple sentence并列句compound sentence 复合 complex sentence并列复合句compound complex sentence 陈述句 declarative sentence疑问句interrogative sentence 一般疑问句general question特殊疑问句 special question 选择疑问句alternative question附加疑问句tag question 反义疑问句disjunctive question修辞疑问句rhetorical question 感叹疑问句exclamatory question存在句existential sentence 肯定句positive sentwence否定句negative sentenc 祈使句imperative sentence 省略句elliptical sentenc 感叹句exclamatory sentence基本句型 basic sentence patern表语 predicative 定语 attribute同位语appositive 状语 adverbial[B]句法关系[/B][B]syntatic relationship[/B]并列coordinate 从属subordination修饰 modification 前置修饰 pre-modification 后置修饰 post-modification 限制restriction双重限制double-restriction 非限制non-restriction数number单数形式singular form复数形式plural form 规则形式regular form不规则形式irregular form格case普通格common case所有格possessive case主格nominative case宾格objective case[B]性[/B][B]gender[/B]阳性masculine 阴性feminine通性common 中性 neuter人称]person第一人称 first person第二人称 second person第三人称third person时态tense过去将来时past future tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense过去将来完成时past future perfect tense一般现在时present simple tense一般过去时past simple tense一般将来时future simple tense现在完成时past perfect tense过去完成时 present perfect tense将来完成时future perfect tense现在进行时present continuous tense过去进行时past continuous tense将来进行时future continuous tense过去将来进行时past future continuous tense现在完成进行时present perfect continuous tense过去完成进行时past perfect continuous tense[B]语态[/B]voice主动语态active voice被动语态 passive voice语气mood陈述语气 indicative mood 祈使语气imperative mood虚拟语气subjunctive mood否定negation否定范围scope of negation全部否定full negation 局部否定partial negation 转移否定shift of negation[B]语序[/B][B]order[/B]自然语序natural order 倒装语序inversion全部倒装full inversion 部分倒装partial inversion直接引语direct speech 间接引语indirect speech 自由直接引语free direct speech 自由间接引语free indirect speech一致agreement主谓一致subject-predicate agreement语法一致grammatical agreement概念一致notional agreement就近原则principle of proximity强调emphasis 重复repetition语音pronunciation 语调tone升调rising tone 降调falling tone降升调 falling-rising tone文体style正式文体formal 非正式文体informal口语spoken/oral English 套语ormulistic expression 英国英语British English 美国英语American English 用法usage 感情色彩emotional coloring 褒义commendatory 贬义 derogatory幽默humorous 讽刺sarcastic挖苦ironic52。