2019年英语专业八级真题及详解
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS (2019)
-GRADE EIGHT-
TIME LIMIT: 150 MIN PART ⅠLISTENING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN]
SECTION A MINI-LECTURE
In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the mini-lecture ONCE ONLY. While listening to the mini-lecture, please complete the gap- filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE and write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each gap. Make sure what you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable. You may use the blank sheet for note-taking.
You have THIRTY seconds to preview the gap-filling task.
Now listen to the mini-lecture. When it is over, you will be given THREE minutes to check your work.
Body Language and Mind
1. ____
【答案】power and dominance
【解析】细节题。
录音提到“I’m interested in power dynamics, that is, the nonverbal expressions of power and dominance”，即讲座主题是肢体语言的力量和主导性。
故答案为power and dominance。
2. ____
【答案】make oneself big/ open up
【解析】细节题。
录音提到“...So you make yourself big, you stretch out, you take up space, and you’re basically opening up...”，即人和动物一样，在感觉自己很强大时，会让自己看上去也很强大，向外扩张。
stretch out和take up space 都是make oneself big和open up的具体表现，故答案为make oneself big或open up。
3. ____
【答案】make oneself small/ close up
【解析】细节题。
录音提到“...We close up. We make ourselves small. We don't want to bump into the person next to us...”，即当人类感觉自己很弱小时，会把自己封闭起来，会让自己变小，也不想遇见周围的。
故答案为make oneself small或close up。
4. ____
【答案】the opposite/ complementary
【解析】细节题。
录音提到“...we complement the other’s nonverbals...We do the opposite...”，即当我们和强势的人在一起时，做出的肢体语言往往与对方互补，我们不会模仿对方，而是做出完全相反的行为。
故答案为the opposite或complementary。
5. ____
【答案】occupying space
【解析】细节题。
录音提到“They get right into the middle of the room before class
even starts, like they really want to occupy space”，即MBA学生的肢体语言很强势，表现在他们会提前到教室，占据更大的空间。
故答案为occupying space。
6. ____
【答案】gender/ sex
【解析】推断题。
录音提到“...women are more likely to make themselves small. Women feel chronically less powerful than men”，即女性比男性更倾向于让自己看上去比较弱小，她们习惯性地感觉自己不如男性强大，由此可推知，展现自身力量的肢体语言也与性别有关，故答案为gender或sex。
7. ____
【答案】minds and bodies
【解析】细节题。
录音提到“We know that our minds change our bodies, but is it also true that our bodies change our minds”，即大脑会影响肢体，那么肢体是否也会影响大脑呢？由此可知，第二个问题是大脑与肢体之间的关系，故答案为minds and bodies。
8. ____
【答案】assertive/ confident/ optimistic
【解析】细节题。
录音提到“Powerful people tend to be, not surprisingly, more assertive and more confident, more optimistic”，即强势的人往往更加坚定、更自信、更乐观。
故答案为assertive或confident或optimistic。
9. ____
【答案】different people
【解析】推断题。
录音提到“So there are a lot of differences between powerful and powerless people…there are also differences on two key hormones”。
由此可推知，荷尔蒙含量的不同与人的气场的不同有直接关系，故答案为different people。
10. ____
【答案】a gambling opportunity
【解析】细节题。
录音提到“...and then we give them an opportunity to gamble”，由此可知，受试者接受完测试后需要回答一系列的问题，并且获得一次赌博的机会。
故答案为a gambling opportunity。
11. ____
【答案】dominance hormone
【解析】细节题。
录音提到“Here’s what we find on dominance hormone…high-power people experience about a 20% increase，and low-power people experience about a 10% decrease”,即主导荷尔蒙在强势的人身上分泌得更多。
故答案为dominance hormone。
12. ____
【答案】stress hormone
【解析】细节题。
录音提到“...stress hormone, high-power people experience about a
25% decrease, and the low-power people experience about a 15% increase”，由此可知，弱势受试者的压力荷尔蒙上升了15%。
故答案为stress hormone。
13. ____
【答案】assertive/ confident/ stress-reactive
【解析】细节题。
录音提到“...two minutes lead to these hormonal changes that configure your brain to basically be either assertive, confident, or really stress-reactive”，即两分钟的举动就可以改变人体内的荷尔蒙比例，使大脑变得坚定、自信或者产生压力应激反应，故答案为assertive或confident或stress-reactive。
14. ____
【答案】change our/the outcomes
【解析】细节题。
录音提到“...our bodies change our minds and our minds can change our behavior, and our behavior can change our outcomes”，即举止会改变我们的思想，思想又会反作用于举止，而举止最终可以改变结果。
故因此答案为change our/the outcomes。
15. ____
【答案】do the best
【解析】细节题。
录音提到“Configure your brain to do the best in that situation”，即在做有压力的任务前，先让大脑调整到应对这一情形的最佳状态。
故答案为do the best。
【录音原文】。