《语言学入门》期末复习题（2013秋）I. 选择题1.（）Of all the speech organs, the ___ is/are the most flexible.A. mouthB. lipsC. tongueD. vocal cords2.（）The theme of Unit 3 is the _______ nature of language inwhich the author describes one of the most fundamentalaspects of linguistics.A. organicB. symbolicC. physicalD. phonetic3.（）According to Krashen, ___ refers to the gradual andsubconcious development of ability in the first languageby using it naturally in daily communicative situations.A. learningB. competenceC. performanceD. acquisition4.（）Using “transfer of population”to refer to the fact thatmillions of peasants are robbed of their farms is anexample of ________.A. the symbolic nature of languageB. language being affected by politicsC. language affecting status identityD. the metaphoric extension of language5.（）The organized network of knowledge that helps us tounderstand new knowledge is called __________.A. paradigmB. hedgeC. aphasiaD. schema6.（）The location of language skills in the brain is studied byspecialists in the field of ______.A. psycholinguisticsB. neurolinguisticsC. speech therapyD. cognitive linguistics7. （）Which of the following theories is NOT discussed in Unit 9?________A. the critical period for language hypothesisB. Linguistic ImperialismC. the theory of schemaD. long term memory and short term memory8. （）This course requires a learner to deal with three differenttasks. They are ________.A. awareness tasks, understanding tasks and analytic tasksB. awareness tasks, application tasks and analytic tasksC. understanding tasks, application tasks and analytic tasksD. awareness tasks, understanding tasks and application9. （）In the process of abstracting, sometimes we need to classifyan animal into a certain class meanwhile ignoring somedifferences. We call this step as ________.A. bracketingB. achieving abstractionC. capturing immediate experienceD. further abstracting10. （）Speech Act theory was firstly put forward by ________.A. J. L. AustinB. LeechC. Noam ChomskyD. Clark & Clark（）11. As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze the language people actually use, and not to lay down rules for"correct" linguistic behavior,it is said to be _____.A. prescriptiveB. sociolinguisticC. descriptiveD. psycholinguistic（）12. Of all the speech organs, the _____ is/are the most flexible.A. mouthB. lipsC. tongueD. vocal cords（）13. The morpheme "vision" in the common word "television"is a(n) _____.A. bound morphemeB. bound formC. inflectional morphemeD. free morpheme（）14. A _____ in the embedded clause refers to the introductory word thatintroduces the embedded clause.A. coordinatorB. particleC. prepositionD. subordinator主从连词（）15、"Can I borrow your bike?" _____ "You have a bike."A. is synonymous withB. is inconsistent withC. entailsD. presupposes（）16. The course Language and Linguistics is about_____.A. one's native languageB. language in generalC. any particular languageD. the main languages（）17. The physical process of vocalization is studied by people who work in the field of ______.A. phoneticsB. phonologyC. rhetoricD. speech synthesis（）18. In producing the sound /k/ the ______ part of the tongue is used.A. tipB. frontC. bladeD. back（）19. The feature that distinguishes human language from animal language is the_____ of human language.A. innatenessB. vocalizationC. symbolic aspectD. functionalism（）20. A functional analysis of language studies _____.A. what sort of things language helps us to doB. how language helps to define national identitiesC. how we organize our experience through languageD. how we manage interpersonal relationships through languageII.判断题1. （）Historical linguistics equals to the study of synchronic study.2. （）The smallest meaningful unit of language is allomorph.3. （）Talk is the fourth function of language discussed in thistextbook and has been a topic long ignored by linguisticexperts.4. （）Status and regional identity can be linked to dialect.5. （）If you’re insincere in expressing congratulations tosomebody, your illocutionary act is flawed.6.（）Cognitive capacity is relevant to second language learning.7.（）Abstraction is an extrinsic feature of language.8. （）Aphasiology studies the handicap of languagecomprehension and /or production.9.（）Naming is an example of a function performed by language.10.（）In interpersonal contact in China, considerateness is other-oriented.11. （）Linguistically, "language" refers to spoken languagebecause language is primarily spoken.12. （）Most languages use the air flowing inwards.13. （）In all languages words enter into syntagmatic relations.14. （）"Tense" is a particular way of recording time. People in theworld all do things connected with time; therefore allthe languages have tense.15. （）The speech act theory holds that when people saysomething, they perform the locutionary, illocutionaryand perlocutionary acts one by one.16. （）In contrast with a collective culture, the interests of thegroup or community are considered of greaterimportance in an individualist culture.17. （）Address terms are equally associated with politeness inboth Chinese and English.18. （）Gestures are an example of given-off information in face-to-face talk.19. （）For overseas Chinese, learning spoken Chinese is primaryand more important than written Chinese.20. （）Reasoning and language are both controlled by the lefthemisphere of the brain.III. 名词解释1、duality2、diachronic linguistics3、broad transcription4、morphological rules5、phrase structure ruleIV. 选词填空（从下面方框中选出可是的词填在空格里）1. A sentence is a structurally independent unit that usuallycomprises a numberof ________ to form a complete statement, ________ or command.2. In sociolinguistic studies, speakers are treated as members of________________ .3. Utterance is based on ________ ________; it is the realization of the abstractmeaning of a sentence in a real situation of communication, or simply in a context.4. To many people, a linguist is the same as a ________, one who canspeakseveral languages fluently.5. Consonant sounds can be either ________or ________, while allvowel soundsare _________.V. 回答下列问题1. What are the different dimensions of relations between people in thesociety? What is the one dimension important to Chinese but absent in some other cultures? Choose one dimension to give an example.2. Briefly discuss the individual factors which affect the acquisition of a second language.。