Emerson’ major works【爱默生主要作品】
• Emerson gradually moved away from the religious and social beliefs of his contemporaries, formulating and expressing the philosophy of Transcendentalism in his 1836 essay, Nature. Following this ground-breaking work, he gave a speech entitled "The American Scholar" in 1837, which Oliver Wendell Holmes, Sr.(老奥利弗· 温德尔· 霍姆斯) considered to be America's ―Intellectual Declaration of Independence‖. (被誉为美国思想文化 领域的“独立宣言”)
Emerson’ influence 【爱默生的影响】
His essays remain among the linchpins of American thinking, and his work has greatly influenced the thinkers, writers and poets that have followed him. When asked to sum up his work, he said his central doctrine was "the infinitude of the private man." Emerson is also well known as a mentor and friend of fellow Transcendentalist Henry David Thoreau.
Life and education
• Emerson was born in Boston on May 25, 1803. • The young Ralph Waldo Emerson's father died from stomach cancer on May 12, 1811, less than two weeks before Emerson's eighth birthday. • Emerson's formal schooling began at the Boston Latin School in 1812 when he was nine. • In October 1817, at 14, Emerson went to Harvard College and was appointed freshman messenger for the president. • He graduated on August 29, 1821, when he was 18.He did not stand out as a student and graduated in the exact middle of his class of 59 people.
My opinion： 对时间流逝的惋惜其实是惶恐于失去自我的转喻，1851年的爱默生已经奠定了他的超验 主义领袖地位，但是无论对于谁来说，“消除那些使自我失去自己的隐蔽和阴暗的东西” 都是一个永远不会结束的过程，时间是自我的基石，也是自我的深渊，在克服一次“沉 沦”之后将面临新的“沉沦”。 （选自 Great Short Poems 《短诗精萃》 Edited by Paul Negri – A Dover Thrift Editions Book ） 爱默生1851年的诗作，当时他48岁。评论家和读者均认为这是他写的最好的一首。就 连他自己也认为是这首最好。
Emerson’ Writing Style 【爱默生写作风格】
Emerson wrote on a number of subjects, never espousing fixed philosophical tenets, but developing certain ideas such as individuality, freedom, the ability for humankind to realize almost anything, and the relationship between the soul and the surrounding world. Emerson's "nature" was more philosophical than naturalistic: "Philosophically considered, the universe is composed of Nature and the Soul."
Collections Essays: First Series (1841) (《论文集》第一集 12篇) ―Self-Reliance‖ (论自助) ―Compensation‖ (论补偿) ―The Over-Soul‖ (论超灵) ―love‖《论爱》 ―friendship‖ 《论友谊》 and so on. Essays: Second Series (1844) (《论文集》第二集) "The Poet" (Essays: Second Series) Poems "Experience" (Essays: Second Series) "Concord Hymn" "Politics" (Essays: Second Series) "The Rhodora" Poems (1847) 《诗集》 "Brahma" Representative Men (1850) 《代表人物》 "Uriel" English Traits (1856) 《英国人的特性》 "The Snow-Storm (poem)" The Conduct of Life (1860) May Day and Other Poems (1867) 《五月节及其他诗歌》 Society and Solitude (1870) Letters and Social Aims (1876)
李珂
The introduction of Ralph Waldo Emerson
拉尔夫· 瓦尔多· 爱默生
——introduced by 李珂
Directory【目录】
1、Emerson’s introduction 【爱默生简介】 2、Emerson's major works 【爱默生主要作品】 3、Emerson’ Writing Style 【爱默生写作风格】 4、Emerson’ influence 【爱默生的影响】 5、The evaluation of Emerson 【评价爱默生】
• In 1826, faced with poor health, Emerson went to seek out warmer climates. He first went to Charleston, South Carolina, but found the weather was still too cold. He then went further south, to St. Augustine, Florida, where he took long walks on the beach, and began writing poetry. • After 1832, Emerson traveled to European countries to get to know the romanticism pioneer Wordsworth and Coleridge, and accepted their transcendentalist thought, which has a great influence on the formation of his system of thought. 【1832年以后，爱默生到欧洲各国游历，结识了浪漫主 义先驱华滋华斯和柯尔律治，接受了他们的先验论思想， 对他思想体系的形成具有很大影响】
The order of thuction of Ralph Waldo Emerson 2、Emerson’s Essays 方丽 3、Nature 鞠明兴 4、Nature 张佰承 5、Self-Reliance 曾勇鹏 6、The American Scholar 樊增增 7、 Society and solitude 孙海云 8、 Natural History of the Intellect 段忆芮
• Emerson and his friends often organized “Transcendentalism Club”. In 1840 , Emerson served as the editor-in-chief of the Transcendentalism publication "sundial", to promote Transcendental Ideas. 【爱默生经常和他的朋友组织“超验主义俱乐部”，1840年爱 默生担任超验主义刊物《日晷》的主编，宣扬超验主义思想】
Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803 – 1882)
Days Daughters of Time, the hypocritic Days, Muffled and dumb like barefoot dervishes, And marching single in an endless file, Bring diadems and fagots in their hands. To each they offer gifts after his will, Bread, kingdoms, stars, and sky that holds them all. I, in my pleached garden, watched the pomp, Forgot my morning wishes, hastily Took a few herbs and apples, and the Day Turned and departed silent. I, too late, Under her solemn fillet saw the scorn.