实验一内容（一）（1）彩色图像变灰度图像A=imread('1.jpg');B=rgb2gray(A);figuresubplot(1,2,1),imshow(A)title('原图')subplot(1,2,2),imshow(B)title('原图灰度图像')（2）彩色图像变索引图像A=imread('1.jpg');figuresubplot(1,2,1),imshow(A)title('原图')[X,map]=rgb2ind(A,128);subplot(1,2,2),imshow(X,map)title('原图索引图像')（3）彩色图像变二值图像A=imread('1.jpg');figuresubplot(1,2,1),imshow(A)title('原图')C=im2bw(A,0.2);subplot(1,2,2),imshow(C)title('原图二值图像')（4）灰度图像变索引图像（一）A=imread('1.jpg');figureB=rgb2gray(A);subplot(1,2,1),imshow(B)title('灰度图像')C=grayslice(B,39);subplot(1,2,2),imshow(C)title('灰度变索引图像')（5）灰度图像变索引图像（二）A=imread('1.jpg');figureB=rgb2gray(A);subplot(1,2,1),imshow(B)title('灰度图像')[X,map]=gray2ind(B,63);subplot(1,2,2),imshow(X,map)title('灰度变索引图像')（6）灰度图像变彩色图像A=imread('1.jpg');figureB=rgb2gray(A);subplot(1,2,1),imshow(B)title('灰度图像')C=gray2rgb(B,map);subplot(1,2,2),imshow(C)title('灰度变彩色图像')内容（二）（1）灰度平均值A=imread('1.jpg');figureB=rgb2gray(A);subplot(1,2,1),imshow(B)title('灰度图像')B=double(B);[m,n]=size(B);sumg=0.0;for i=1:m;for j=1:n;sumg=sumg+B(i,j);endendavg=sumg/(m*n) % 均值maxg=max(max(B)) % 区域最大灰度ming=min(min(B)) % 区域最小灰度（2）彩色平均值figureimshow(A)title('彩色图像')A=double(A);[m,n]=size(A);sumg=0.0;for i=1:m;for j=1:n;sumg=sumg+A(i,j);endendavg=sumg/(m*n)squre=m*nmaxg=max(max(A))ming=min(min(A))内容（三）采样量化实验二图像变换傅里叶变换、反变换、I=imread('19.jpg');A=rgb2gray(I);x1=fft2(A);x2=fftshift(x1);x3=ifft(x1)/10;figure,subplot(1,4,1);imshow(A)title('原图');subplot(1,4,2);imshow(x1)title('频谱图');subplot(1,4,3);imshow(log(abs(x2)+1),[0 10]);title('直流分量移至频谱图中心');subplot(1,4,4);imshow(x3,[0 10])title('傅里叶反变换');DCT变换、反变换I=rgb2gray(X);subplot(1,3,1);imshow(I);title('原图');subplot(1,3,2);J=dct2(I);imshow(log(abs(J)),[0 20]);title('二维离散余弦变换');subplot(1,3,3);K=idct2(J)/20;imshow(K,[0 20]);title('二维离散反余弦变换');利用DCT变换压缩图像I=imread('19.jpg');A=rgb2gray(I);B=DCT2(A);B(abs(B)<0.1)=0;C=idct2(B)/255;figure,subplot(1,3,1);imshow(A);title('原图');subplot(1,3,2);imshow(B);title('二维离散余弦变换频谱图');subplot(1,3,3);imshow(C);title('压缩后图像');实验三图像增强（一）灰度图像增强（1）线性变换法clc;clear all;I=imread('19.jpg');A=rgb2gray(I);colormap;imshow(A);%设置图像倒数参数j=imadjust(A,[0 1],[1 0],1.5);figure;subimage(j)(2)灰度图像的非线性变换（之对数）I=imread('19.jpg');colormapimshow(I)J=double(I);J=45*log(J+1);I=uint8(J);figure,subimage(J)(二)直方图校正直方图均衡I=imread('19.jpg');B=rgb2gray(I);imshow(B,[40 255]);figure,imhist(B)title('直方图')J=imadjust(B,[0.15 0.9],[0 1]); figure,imhist(B,64)title('均衡直方图')滤波I=imread('19.jpg');figure,B=rgb2gray(I);C=imnoise(B,'salt & pepper',0.02);D=imfilter(B,fspecial('average',3)); E=medfilt2(B);subplot(1,3,2)imshow(D)title('均值滤波')subplot(1,3,3)imshow(D)title('中值滤波')subplot(1,3,1)imshow(C)title('加入椒盐噪声图像')锐化处理I=imread('19.jpg');A=rgb2gray(I);figure,subplot(2,3,1),imshow(A);title('原图');hs=fspecial('sobel');S=imfilter(A,hs);hp=fspecial('prewitt');P=imfilter(A,hs);A=double(A);%双精度型H=[0 1 0,1 -4 1,0 1 0];%拉普拉斯算子J=conv2(A,H,'same');K=A-J;subplot(2,3,2),imshow(K);title('拉普拉斯锐化图像');B=edge(A,'roberts',0.1);subplot(2,3,3),imshow(B);title('罗伯特锐化图像');subplot(2,3,4),imshow(S);title('sobel算子锐化图像');subplot(2,3,5),imshow(P);title('prewitt算子锐化图像');实验四放缩A=imread('19.jpg');imshow(A);title('原图')B=imresize(A,2)figure,imshow(B);title('二倍图')C=imresize(A,0.5)figureimshow(C)title('二分之一图')旋转A=imread('19.jpg');figuresubplot(1,4,1),imshow(A);title('原图像')B=imrotate(A,30,'nearest');subplot(1,4,2),imshow(uint8(B));title('旋转30度图像')C=imrotate(A,45,'nearest');subplot(1,4,3),imshow(uint8(C));title('旋转45度图像')D=imrotate(A,60,'nearest');subplot(1,4,4),imshow(uint8(D));title('旋转60度图像')镜像A1=imread('19.jpg');A1=double(A1);Figure，subplot(1,4,1),imshow(uint8(A1));H=size(A1);title('原像')A2(1:H(1),1:H(2),1:H(3))=A1(H(1):-1:1,1:H(2),1:H(3));%垂直镜像subplot(1,4,2),imshow(uint8(A2));title('垂直镜像')A3(1:H(1),1:H(2),1:H(3))=A1(1:H(1),H(2):-1:1,1:H(3));%水平镜像subplot(1,4,3),imshow(uint8(A3));title('水平镜像')A4(1:H(1),1:H(2),1:H(3))=A1(H(1):-1:1,H(2):-1:1,1:H(3));%对角镜像subplot(1,4,4),imshow(uint8(A4));title('对角镜像')剪切A1=imread('19.jpg');A2=imcrop(A1,[75 68 100 110]);figuresubplot(1,2,1),imshow(A1);title('原像')subplot(1,2,2),imshow(A2);title('剪切后像')实验五阈值分割A=imread('19.jpg');figuresubplot(1,4,1),imshow(A);title('原图像')B=im2bw(A,91/255);subplot(1,4,2),imshow(B);title('阈值91的图像')C=im2bw(A,71/255);subplot(1,4,3),imshow(C);title('阈值71的图像')D=im2bw(A,140/255);subplot(1,4,4),imshow(D);title('阈值140的图像')边缘检测I=imread('19.jpg');A=rgb2gray(I);figuresubplot(1,4,1),imshow(A);title('原图像')B=edge(A,'sobel',0.1);%edge边缘检测函数subplot(1,4,2),imshow(B);title('sobel算子检测')C=edge(A,'roberts',0.1);%0.1为门限subplot(1,4,3),imshow(C);title('roberts算子检测')D=edge(A,'prewitt',0.1);subplot(1,4,4),imshow(D);title('prewitt算子检测')所谓数字图像处理[7]就是利用计算机对图像信息进行加工以满足人的视觉心理或者应用需求的行为。