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被动语态讲解

It is believed that he is an honest boy. The boy is believed to be an honest one.
2.含有双宾语的主动句的转换
I gave the book to Mr. Smith yesterday. 昨天我给了史密斯先生一本书。
The book was given to Mr. Smith yesterday ( by me).
Hamlet was written by Shakespeare. 《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚写的。
(一) 主动句与被动句的转换 1.含有单宾语的主动句的转换: People speak English almost all over the world. 世界各地都有人讲英语。 English is spoken almost all over the world.
被动语态
语态(voice)是个语法范畴,它是一种动词形式, 表示动词的主语与该动词所表示的动作之间的 主动和被动关系。当主语是动作的执行者时, 动词用主动语态(Active Voice);如果主语 是动作的承受者,动词便用被动语态(Passive Voice)。
We cleaned the classroom yesterday. 昨天我们打扫了教室。
口诀1:宾提前变主,主变介by宾,被动be加done,
时态看主动。
口诀2:如 遇双宾语,最好变间宾,如若变直宾,
间宾前加to / for (pass, lend, buy, write, bring, show, tell…)
பைடு நூலகம். He made me do the work. I was made to do the work by him.
语态转换
1. He teaches English in our school.
2. She gave me a book.
English is taught in our school by him.
I was given a book by her./A book was given to me by her.
H他T一一he被iis般般s认br现 过oe为og去在ka很时时rwd有::aeds才awwams气arisat/。tb/eisnrwi/lielnairare1ne9td6.do9o.nnee 这T现h本e在书b进r是o行k1e时9n6:b9i年kaem写is/成bise的i/n。agrreepbaeirinedg ndoown.e 那过辆去坏进了行时的:自行wa车s正/ w在e被re修b理ein。g done H现e在to完ld成u时s t:hehcaavtew/ahs abseinbgeewnasdhoendewhen we t/ oc他Th过一当T钢 H这aahbhl告e去般句lv笔 家eeeesed完 将 中w诉ap已工dtioeh成 含来od我onr经厂inm…kt时 有时h们eh用已.bwae: 情:打sei了经fl态ablhsd电ceb几 开h动aoteeaod话nn词年 张rlfelbyiu时时n。 。/eshiewse,他adhndi句el正flddbo子breo在ineen结sne给etdv构hooe猫rp为rneeae洗enlchey;澡adoebnua.。err他/ssgm..说o工这uins支gt
The classroom was cleaned by us yesterday. 昨天教室被我们打扫了。
动词的被动语态由“助动词be+及物动 词的过去分词”构成。当主动句变为被 动句时,原来的宾语变成了主语,原来 的主语变成了介词by 的宾语。主动句与 被动句的结构虽然不同,但动作的执行 者和承受者的关系并没有改变。
口诀3:这些动词真奇怪,主动句中to 离开,被动 句中to回来.(feel, listen to, hear, let have, make, look at, see, watch…)
4.They take good care of the baby.
The baby is taken good care of by them.
Mr. Smith was given a book yesterday (by me).
3. 含有介词动词的主动句的转换 They have never listened to him. 人家从不听他的话。 He has never been listened to.
表示被动意义的主动句: Cotton feels soft. 棉花摸上去很柔软。 Ripe apples pick easily. 熟了的苹果容易摘下来。
注意:含动词词组的被动语态,须将其看作一个 整体,不可把它们分隔开来。
有些情况下动词的主动形式也可以表示被动意义。
一、表示“开始”;“结束”类的动词。常见 的这类动词有begin, start, open, close, end, finish, stop等。例如:
School begins in September. The stores in this area open later at weekends than at weekdays.
当主动句的宾语是that引导的宾语从句, 可转换为两种形式的被动句。
1) 用先行的it作形式主语,把宾语从句变成后置的 主语从句; 2) 把宾语从句里的主语变成被动句的主语,同时把宾 语从句中的谓语变成不定式短语。
People believe that he is an honest boy. 大家认为他是个诚实的孩子。
作将于三小时后完成。 The baby must be looked after well. 这孩子必须被好好照顾。
在被动句中有时用by- 词组,有时不用。一般 来说,当动作的执行者为谁不甚清楚,不甚重要 或难以说出时,通常不用by。但有时为了强调 动作执行者或者由于上下和结构上的需要则必须 使用 by 词组。例如:
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