一、项目建议1.1项目概况资格qualification预备资格prequalification商务条款与条件commercial terms and condition 商务commercial技术technical技术说明technical specification建议书proposal book资料费information price估价estimated price报价quoted price报价书quotation1.2报价资料工艺说明process description工艺特点process feature经验记载experience record工艺性能process performance设备表equipment list说明，规定，规格specification简要说明short specification条件图sketch drawing流程图flow diagram平衡图balance diagram方框图block diagramP& I图P&I diagram单线图single line diagram布置图layout平面布置图plot plan总图general plot plan附件appendix资料，文件documentation1.3合同技术用语保证guarantee性能保证performance guarantee时间保证time guarantee交货保证delivery guarantee建造保证workmanship guarantee生产能力capacity质量quality消耗量consumption原材料feedstock原料raw material辅助原料sub-raw material产品product副产品by-product中间产品intermediate公用工程utility燃料fuel化学品chemical界区battery limits进料incoming出料outgoing界区条件battery limits condition(配管图)分界线match line 工厂、装置plant设备equipment关键设备critical equipment专利设备proprietary equipment有位号设备itemized equipment无位号设备non-itemized equipment散装材料bulk material施工材料material of construction仪表instrument备品备件spare parts建筑工具construction aid(现场)居住设施accommodation现场派遣expatriate运转率on stream factor运转天数stream day系列train日历日calender day日历月calender month机械(试车)完工mechanical completion试车trial operation初次试车initial oeperation开车start up注油oil in投料feed in首次出料first drop保证试运转guarantee test run装置验收plant acceptance移交turnover议定书protocol1.4估算估算estimate概算budgetary estimate推算slide幂指数power term(费用)分类、分项价格breakdown/prices of separate items 外汇foreign currency当地货币local currency可兑换货币convertible currency专利费license fee专利权税royalty变动专利权税running royalty专有技术费knowhow fee基础设计费basic engineering fee代理费agent fee手续费commission不可预见费contingency外汇风险exchange risk易货风险compensation直接费用direct cost间接费用indirect cost项目管理费project expense现场管理费field expense一般管理费overhead利润profit生活费living expense出勤津贴daily allowance(出差)准备费outfit allowance劳务费labor cost基本工资base wage补偿费payroll burden福利费fringe benefit1.5可行性研究可行性feasibility现场选定site selection(现场)位置location市场marketing可获利润profitability生产成本production cost经营费operation cost可变成本variable cost不变成本fixed cost总投资total investment cost流动资本working capital固定资本fixed capital cost总资本total capital cost折旧费depreciation现金流量cash flow折现现金流量discount cash flow工况研究case study产权资本，自有资本equity建设资本利息interest during construction 1.6业务范围现场勘测site survey工艺设计process design基础设计basic engineering基础设计包basic design package详细设计detail engineering采购procurement海运ocean transportation陆运inland transportation安装erection work土建工作civil work施工construction work临时工作temporary work投料试车commissioning培训training(现场)指导supervisory service顾问advisory service初步设计preliminary project最终设计final project基础设施infrastructure上部结构superstructure软件software硬件hardware1.7工厂分类与设计处女地工厂grass root plant总厂integral plant分厂single plant成套装置package plant翻版(设计)厂copy plant 生产厂commercial plant中试工厂pilot plant试验室规模装置bench scale unit石化总厂petrochemical complex下游(厂)downstream(工业)放大scale-up扩建expansion改建、更改modification镜像布置mirror image设计余量overdesign降负荷运转turndown清除瓶颈debottlenecking工厂模型plant model1.8设备工艺装置process plant装置区内on site装置区外off site界区内inside battery limit界区外outside battery limit公用工程设施utility facility贮存设施storage facility辅助设施auxiliary facility衔接interconnection主变电所main substation发电设施power generation facility事故发电设备emergerncy power generation facility 水处理装置water treatment facility冷却塔cooling tower抽水设备water intake facility海水淡化装置desalination facility蒸汽发生装置steam generation facility仪表空气发生装置instrument air generation facility 惰性气发生装置inert gas generation facility空分装置air separation facility罐区tank yard散装贮存设备bulk storage facility包装机械bagging facility制袋设备bag making facility装瓶设备bottling facility装货设备loading facility卸货设备unloading facility铁路侧线railway siding栈桥jetty行政办公室administration building维修车间maintenance shop中央化验室central laboratory内部通信设施intercommunication facility广播系统public address system寻呼系统paging facility消防设施fire fighting facility安全器具safety equipment生活设施colony公用设施townshop娱乐设施recreation facility1.9相关企业承包商contractor主承包商prime contractor分包商subcontractor直接费用dicrect hire专利商icenser转专利者sub-licenser专利使用者licensee专利拥有者patent owner竞争者competitor国际财团consortium合作者collaborator买方buyer/ purchaser卖方seller厂商vender制造商maker/ manufacturer业主owner顾问consultant技术顾问technical adviser用户user最终用户end user客户customer/ client代理商agent挂名人dummy二、投标合同2.1投标概况询价inquiry报价、估价书quotation/ estimation投标、投标书bid/ tender投标资料bid documents预审pre-qualification意向书letter of intent2.2合同用语协议agreement合同、契约contract注销cancellation约定consideration合同转让assignment of contract不可抗力force majeure仲裁arbitration基本法governing law秘密条款secrecy clause/ non-disclosure clause 预定损坏赔偿费liquidated damages总倍偿额度total liability连带(债务)joint and several优先债权lien免除waiver保证guaranty担保warranty赔偿indemnity定义Definition增额Escalation罚款Penalty支付条款Terms of payment税金tax and duties侵犯专利patent infringement 最高现额ceiling委任书power of attorney保证金bond2.3合同形式招标合同competitive bid contract议付合同negotiated contractFOB合同FOB-type contract成套承包合同(交钥匙合同)turnkey contract/ chef montage contract 总付合同lump sum price contract单价契约unit price contract正价加附加费合同cost plus fee contract预投标协议pre-bid agreement产品抵债products sharing互购交易counter-purchase transaction三、支付、金融、财务3.1支付、金融支付条款、支付条件payment terms延期付款deferred payment留存款项、保留资金retention money定期付款schedule payment施工分期付款progressive paymentD/P付款交单documents against paymentD/A承兑交单document against acceptance信贷、信用credit卖方信贷，供应商信贷supplier’s credit买方信贷buyer’ s credit银行借贷bank loan财政、金融finance借款、借贷loan偿还reimburse, reimbursement保证书letter of guarantee信用证、信贷证letter of credit外汇兑换率exchange rate兑换单，汇票单据documentary bill of exchange汇款、汇兑基金remittance3.2财务自然增长基数accrual basis资产负债表，决算表balance sheetP&L损益报表profit and loss statement四、采购、运输、保险4.1进出口进出口手续export licese出口许可证变更E/L amendCOCOM coordinating committee标准结算方法standard payment非标准结算方法non-standard paymentDBC退税货物draw-back cargo出口申报银行export declaration bank [E/D]出口申报单export declaration custom进口许可证import license进口申报单import declaration保税区域bonded area关税import duty原产地证明书certificate of origin发票invoice4.2运输装箱单packing list提单bill of lading [B/L]指示提单order B/L直接提单straight B/L装运提单shipped B/L, ON-board [B/L]备运提单received B/L不附带条件的提单clean B/L不洁提单dirty B/L, foul B/L直运提单direct B/L联运提单through B/L船上收货单mate,s receipt装货通知单shipping order [s/o]交货单delivery order [d/o]空运货单airway bill海上运费ocean freight海上运费同盟freight conference目的地付费freight payable at destination出港前付费freight prepaid码头工人搬运费stevedorage空载运费dead freight船到港预定时间expected time of arrival [ETA]船离港预定时间expected time of departure海关快速发货custom quick despatch滞船费demurrage码头搬运商stevedore超尺寸运输over-dimension cargo4.3保险海上保险marine cargo insurance现场指导失误保险supervisor,s risk insurance4.4贸易条件出厂价EX works/EX factony/EX mill海上交货FOB-named port of shipment合保险海上交货CIF-named port of destination国境交货条件franco frontier4.5采购采购procurement厂家vendor厂家一览表vendor list市场价market price黑市价dark price现价up-to-date price level报价quotation偏差表deviation list到货时间time of delivery支付方式terms of payment/ payment conditions payment terms 延缓支付deferred payment现金支付cash on delivery分期支付instalment payment预先支付down payment发货前支付advance payment到货后支付progress payment计划支付scheduled payment购买条件terms and conditions of purchase折价discount 谈判、交涉negotiation澄清clarification购买意向intent to purchase比较表tabulation评标evaluation价格分析value analysis订购单purchase order变更订购单change order支付方式method of payment现金cash支票check期货promissory note催货expediting跟踪系统follow-up system4.6包装包装packing防锈包装rust-proof packing防潮湿包装moisture-proof packing 防水包装water-proof packing软包装shrink packing木箱wooden box板条箱crate框架箱framed box滑撬底座skid base码垛盘pallet侧板side plate吊具sling fitting花蓝螺丝turnbuckle钢带steel strapping角保护带edge protecter closure plate 保护角corner protecter板board合板plywood缓冲材料cushioning material通气孔盖ventilation cover超载superimposed load开包unpacking船上标志shpping mark注意标志care mark五、项目执行及费用管理5.1项目执行总图会议kick-off meeting项目研究会议project study meeting 开工会议launching meeting项目报告project reporting审查会议screening meeting进展报告progress report协调过程coordination procedure变更指示change order认可approval复阅review5.2工程项目完工报告job close-out report 项目执行报告job performance report 完工汇编close-out book反馈系统feed back system项目设计条件project design inform ation会签inter-department check工程设计engineering design工艺条件确认engineering review工艺条件校核engineering checking项目完成指标审核表project performance check sheet施工版approved for construction (AFC)设计变更error report技术文件technical data book管道材料工艺条件process data for piping material荷载条件loading data关键路径法critical path method关键路径进度表critical path scheduling工程评估技术program evaluation and review technique [PERT] 5.3费用及工时管理工程预算project control budget工时man-hour M/H工日man-day M/H人月man-month M/H考勤表time sheet工作号work number项目号job number前期项目号propesal number改进工作improvement work闲滞idle工时报告man-hour report项目工时汇总job man-hours performance report5.4费用分类费用分类code of account主帐major account分帐sub-account设备位号item number5.5组织指定assign借调on-lcan项目成员project member项目经理project manager项目经理助理assistant project manager施工经理construction manager开车经理operation manager现场指挥field manager项目前期经理proposal manager估算员estimator原始购销员originator协调员coordinator项目设计协调员project design coordinator六、标准化，资料管理，法规，规格6. 1标准化标准化standardization标准、规格standard工程规定engineer specification项目特殊要求specific job requirement工程手册engineering manual标准图standard drawing 工程用表格engineering form法规law and regulation法律law6.2资料管理情报管理information and documentation信息中心information center调研(追述)retrospective searching信息选择服务selective dissemination of information情报跟踪current awareness检索效率retrieval efficieney资料documents原文献primary sources文献摘要secondary scurces边载刊物seriais定期刊物periodieals(学会)纪要memoirs会报transactions会议论文conference paper会议纪录proceedings索引期刊index journal文献期刊abstract journal情报摘要informative abstracts提示文稿indicative abstracts图书目录book cataing标题目录title cataing总目录union catalog标准目录standard cutalog关键词keyword省略词stopwordKWIC索引keyword-in -conters indexKWOC索引keyword -out-of -context index顺序索引penmuted index相关索引coordinate index主题分析subjeckt analysis统计分类statistical classification国际十进分类法universal decimal classification借阅卡片visible card书卡book card档案系统filing system微缩复制microcopy微缩系统micro-system微缩卡片fiche film6.3法规高压气体取缔法high pressure gas control law消防法fire service law劳动安全卫生法industrial safety and health law建筑基本法building standard law单位制system of units国际单位制international system of units七、工厂系统图.设备布置图.配管图及材料统计7.1图纸、条件图工艺流程图process flow diagram管道仪表流程图process piping & instrument flow diagram(PID) 公用工程流程图utility flow diagram(UFD)框图block flow diagram公用工程介质平衡图utility balance diagram平面布置图plot plan立面布置图general arrangement总图general plot plan规划图planning drawing管道研究图piping study drawing管道布置图(配管图) piping arrangement drawing 分区图key plan管道走向研究图piping routing stuty drawing地下管道图underground piping drawing管道特殊管件图piping special parts drawing管架详图piping hanging drawing预制图prefabrication drawing参考图reference drawing通用图typical drawing制造厂图vender,s drawing管道轴测图isometric piping drawing竣工图as-built drawing模型model管线表line schedule计算书calculation sheet图纸目录drawing schedule发图阶段issue stage版次revision number编号体系numbering system比例scale工厂北向plant north海平面标高over-sea mean level标高elevation坐标coordinate已有钢结构existing structure装货区loading area公用工程站utility station柱号column number净空headroom通道access way小通道cat way钢结构顶部标高top of structure elevation管底标高bottom of piping elevation主管口径run size顶平偏心异径管eccentric reducer top flat中心到面的距离center to face工作点标高working point elevation管架标注nanging marking冷拉cold spring管线记号line symbol管线接口line connection物流号stream NO管线号line NO.管道等级号class designation/ spec designation 阀门号valve NO等级分析specification break重要管道critical piping总管header pipe仪表管道instrument piping 排放管道blowdown piping火炬气管道flare piping输送管线transfer line入口管线suction line排水管effluent line旁通管bypass line吹扫系统purge system放空接口vent connection软管接口hose connection双切断阀及排放阀double block and bleeder 污水沟sewer ditch冷凝液池condensate pit积水坑sump box漏斗drip funnel管段spool piece垫环spacer ring限流孔板restriction orifice流量喷咀flow nozzle液体混合用三通mixing tee喷头spray nozzle粗滤器strainer临时粗滤器temporary strainer疏水阀steam trap爆破膜rupture disk蒸汽伴热管道steam-traced piping夹套管道jacketed piping地下管道underground piping7.2管道要素钢管steel piping螺纹端管threaded pipe法兰端管flanged pipe锻制的swage光滑弯管smooth bendU型弯管u-bend弯管bending pipe波纹管膨胀节expansinon bellows柔性管flexible pipe管件接头pipe fitting joint机械连接mechanical joint活套连接lapped joint环形垫连接ring type joint扩口接头flare type joint非扩口接头flareless type joint承插连接bell and spigot jointvictaulic 接头victaulic joint弯头elbow异径管reducer管接头coupling活接头union短管nipple法兰flange配对法兰companion flange法兰盖blind flange异径法兰reducing flange八字盲板spectactle blind/reversible blind平板式法兰plate flange带颈法兰hubbed flange对焊法兰welding neck flange松套法兰loose flange管端突缘stub end法兰面flange face垫片沟槽gasket groove满平面full face突面raised face大准槽面large tongue and groove face双凹凸面double male &female face大凹凸面large male&female face金属垫片metallic gasket非金属垫片non-metallic gasket/semi-metallic gasket O型环O-ring透镜垫lens ring对焊butt weld承插焊接socket weld滑套焊接slip-on weld焊接支管台weldolet插入环insert ting管帽cap材料表bill of material/BOM材料统计take-off管段表line bill of material估算汇总表estimation summary sheet备品备件表spare parts list报价表quotation sheet订货单purchase order schedule材料汇总表bill of material summary状态报告status report分布报告distribution report价格、重量一览表cost &weight summary价格、重量汇总表cost & weight total定货管理表order control管道材料管理体表piping material control sheet元件代号item code标记号tag number标准形态standard shape轴测图isometric drawing管线号line reference批号batch reference管子下料表piping cutting list制作件表fabrication parts list组装件表erection part list固定架anchor滑动架resting support导向架guide限位架directional stop减振架dampener支架support管托shoe保冷管托cradle鞍座saddle耳轴trunnion 吊架hanger刚性吊架rigid hanger弹簧吊架spring hanger恒力吊架constant hanger阀门valve截止阀globe valve闸阀gate valve针形阀needle valve球阀ball valve止回阀check valve隔膜阀diaphragm valve三通阀three-way valve角阀angle valve蝶阀butterfly valve旋塞阀cock伸长杆操作extension stem-operation链操作chain-operated齿轮操作gear-operated扳手操作wrench-operated电动操作motor-operated阀芯trim阀盖bonnet焊接支管weld branch偏置offset焊接根部间隙weld root gap现场调整后在下料和焊接cut and weld after adjusting 坡度slope工作点working point管架说明notes for piping hanging部门间校核版interdepartmental check print平端plain end坡口端beveled end管道连接图piping hook-up drawing管道说明图notes for piping drawing标题栏title block寻价单piping requisition shee八、配管及一般设备设计8.1保温，保冷绝热insulation设备绝热表equipment insulation schedule绝热符号insulation code保温设计design of cold insulation正常操作所用的保温insulation for stable operating 人身防护personnel protection防火层fire-proofing防结露anti-sweat防冻winterizing防音sound protection保温材料hot insulation material保冷材料cold insulation material石棉asbestos硅藻土diatomaceous earth岩棉rock wool玻璃棉glass wool碳酸镁magnesium carbonate硅酸铝calcium silicate珍珠岩perlite软木板cork boards毛毡hair felt泡沫聚氨酯foam polystyrene硬泡沫氨基甲酸乙酯rigid foam urethane硬泡沫橡胶rigid foam rubber玛碲脂mastic耐磨损材料anti-abrasion coating material管壳lagging cloth铁丝网hexagonal wire netting填缝材料caulking material保护层jacketing sheet cover sheet波纹铝板corrugated aluminum sheet有色镀锌钢板precoated galvanized sheet搭板butt strapZ型接头Z-joint8.2防腐涂漆色标colour-code孟塞尔色系munsell notation管道识别色identification of piping system防腐层external coating油漆paint清漆varnish防腐漆anti-corrosive paint /rush-proof paint含铝漆aluminum paint底漆primer耐酸漆acid-proof paint耐酸漆acid-proof paint耐碱漆alkali-proof paint耐热漆heat-resisting paint测温漆thermo-paint绝缘漆insulation varnish表面处理surface preparation涂漆painting阴级保护cathodic protection8.3振动解析机械振动mechanical vibration自由振动free vibration强制振动forced vibration自励振动self-excited vibration固有频率natural frequency固有周期natural period波谷loop波峰node正弦振动sinusoidal oscillation非线性振动non-linear oscillation阻尼振动damped vibration临界阻尼critical damping衰减系数attenuation constant/decay coefficient/ decay factor 共振resonance扭曲振动torsional vibration挠性振动flexural vibration极限速度critical speed固有值characteristic value 临界条件boundary condition弹性系数spring constant惯性矩moment of inertia回转半径radius of gyration振动吸收装置dynamic vibration abserber液压减振器hydraulic damper弹簧减振器spring dampener/ spring damper油压锁定oil lock8.4耐振设计固有振动方式Natural frequency mode卓越周期Predominant period基本周期first natural frequency横波transverse wave纵波longitudinal wave相对位移relative displacement质量比mass ratio静解析法static method修正静解析法corrected static method动解析法modal analysis时历响应解析法time history response analysis设计响应光谱design response spectrum加速响应光谱acceleration response spectrum地板响应光谱foor response spectrum标准响应光谱standard response spectrum加速响应增幅比acceleration response amplitude ratio 刚性结构rigid structure柔性结构flexible structure长周期结构long -period structure刚性框架rahmen rigid frame地震波earthquake accelerogram位移量记录displacement record设计地震design earthquake设计震度design seismic coefficient地震earthquake震源距离distance to centrum震中距离distance to epicenter震吸magnitude地震波显示仪seismoscope地震仪eismograph耐振等级seismic class基岩base rock8.5应力分析外力external force内力internal force反作用力reaction force力偶couple of force弯矩bending moment扭矩twisting moment应力stress弯曲应力bending stress扭曲应力orsional stress圆周应力hoop stress峰值应力peak stress一次应力primary stress二次应力secondary stress轴向应力axial stress重复应力repeated stress脉动应力pulsating stress交变应力alternating stress应变strain应变能strain energy主应力principal stress主应力理论principal stress theory最大剪切应力理论maximum shearing stress theory 残余应力residual stress热应力thermal stress热破坏thermal shock疲劳fatigue疲劳曲线s-n diagram疲劳极限fatigue limit/ endurance limit腐蚀corrosion fatigue蠕变creep蠕变疲劳creep fatigue尺寸效应size effect应力集中系数Coefficient of stress concentration形状系数shape coefficient缺口系数notch factor应力强度系数stress intensity factor几何惯性矩geometrical moment of inertia断面系数modulus of section断面极惯性矩Polar moment of inertia of area扬氏模量young,s modulus横向弹性系数modulus of transverse elasticity体积弹性系数Modulus of volumetric elasticity泊松比poissor,s ratio弹性极线elastic limit屈服点yield point拉伸强度tensile strength伸长elongation永久变形permanent set弹性flexibility弹性分析elastic analysis弹性屈服elastic buckling塑性plasticity塑变滞后plasticity hysteresis极限分析limit analysis弹塑性分析elastic-plastic analysis疲劳分析fatigue analysis有限元法finite element method静荷载dead load8.6流体流动水锤water hammer急关rapid closure缓关slow closure冲击波shock wave液压振动acoustic vibration of liquid flow脉动pulsation flow两相流two-phase flow气压振动acoustic vibration卡门涡街karman eddies 颤动fluttering气蚀cavitation8.7噪音噪音noise/ undesired sound听力范围Auditory sensation area掩蔽masking背景噪音background noise声强sound intensity声压sound pressure声压值sound pressure level噪声值noise level/ sound level噪声计sound level meter听觉校正回路weighting network音平loundness level音能sound power音能值sound power level总体值overall level90%范围90%range中间值medianNR数noise rating number频率分析器frequency analyzer倍频带octave band1/3的倍频带1/3 octave band波段值band level音场sound field方向性directivity方向系数directivity factor衍射diffraction声源sound source房间常数room constant吸音率sound absorption coefficient穿透率transmission coefficient穿透损失transmission loss质量原理mass law8.8设计条件操作压力operating pressure最高操作压力maximum operating pressure 操作温度operating temperature最高操作温度maximum operating temperature 温度基准base temperature腐蚀裕度corrosion allowance许容应力allowable stress安全系数safety factor地理条件geological conditions九、塔.槽.换热器.加热炉9.1图面用语设备表vessel schedule工程图engineering drawing管口表nozzle chart/ nozzle schedule管口方位nozzle orientation于焊件图clip schedule切线tangent line(TL)焊缝线weld line(WL)参照线wroking line(WL)基准线base line(BL)9.2容器容器vessel塔tower/column自支承塔self-supported tower板式塔tray tower填料塔packed tower喷淋塔spray tower槽，罐drum储罐tank球罐spherical tank/ ball tank浮顶罐floating roof tank锥顶罐cone roof tank拱顶罐dome roof tank双壁罐double wall tank湿式气柜wet gas holder干式气柜dry gas holder料仓silo/ bin料斗hopper9.3内件内件internals塔盘tray泡罩塔盘bubble cap tray筛板塔盘perforated tray浮阀塔盘valve tray单流向式塔盘uni-flux tray波纹塔盘ripple tray塔盘板deck溢流堰weir降液管downcomer密封糟seal pot取液糟draw-off pot密封盘seal pan塔盘支承环tray support ring鲍尔环pall ring泪孔weep hole填料packing拉希环rasching ring矩鞍形填料intalox saddle分布器distributor除沫器demister进料挡板feed deflector防涡流挡板vortex breaker内筒cartridge9.4主要附属品壳体shell变颈段reducing section封头head椭圆形封头ellipsoidal head蝶形封头dished head/ torispherical head 半球形封头hemispherical head锥形封头conical head平封头flat head加强圈reinforcing ring加套jecket人孔manhole 手孔hand hole检查孔inspection hole接管nozzle凸缘pad nozzle锻制接管forged nozzle补强板reinforcing pad信号孔tell-tale hole容器支座vessel support裙座skirt支腿leg支耳support lug底座base block基础环base ring筋板gusset plate压环compression ring鞍座saddle模板template通道access opening套管pipe sleeve连接板lug予焊件clip接地板earth lug吊耳lifting lug平台platform梯子ladder保温支承insulation support吊柱davit人孔铰链manhole hinge放空口vent nozzle呼吸阀breather valve计量口guage hatch9.5换热器换热器heat exchange换热面积heat transfer area总传热系数overall heat transfer coefficient境膜传热系数film coefficient对数平均温差logarithmic mean temperature difference(LMID) 平均温差mean temperature difference(MID)污垢系数fouling factor布管图tube arrangement三角形排列triangular arrangement转角三角形排列rotated triangular arrangement正方形排列square arrangement转角正方形排列rotated square arrangement最大布管图outside tube limit管壳式换热器sheet and tube heat exchange固定管板换热器fixed tube sheet heat exchange浮头式换热器floating head type heat exchangeU形管换热器U-tube type heat exchange釜式换热器kettle type heat exchange套管式换热器double tube type heat exchange冲洗式冷却器irrigation cooler蛇管换热器coil type heat exchanger插管式换热器bayonet type heat exchanger板式换热器plate type heat exchanger螺旋板式换热器spiral heat exchanger夹套式换热器jacket type heat exchanger 石墨换热器graphite heat exchanger空冷式换热器air-cooled heat exchanger 换热管tube折流板baffle plate管箱channel分程隔板pass partition plate浮头floating head防冲挡板impingement baffle管束tube bundie管板tube sheet管子与管板的连接tube -to-tube sheet joint 管接头ferrule9.6加热炉加热炉direct-fired heater热负荷heat duty/ heat release热损失heat loss加热炉效率efficiency of heater热流率heat flux管壁温度tube skin temperature体积热负荷volumetric heat release辐射面radiant section传热面convection section屏蔽面shield sectionxyz bridge wallxyz exposed wallxyz shielded wall管道支撑tube support燃烧管heater tube/ furnace tubexyz extended surface tube管箱Header/ header box回弯头return bend管道间接连管crossover通风draft烟道flue烟道挡板damper烟囱stack烧嘴burner过量空气excess air风箱wind box观察孔observation door/ peep door检修孔access door防爆门explosion door吹灰器scot blower油漆清车导轨painter trolley陶瓷纤维ceramic fiber耐火砖fire brick保温耐火砖insulation fire brick保温板insulation board可铸耐火材料castable衬里支撑lining anchor炉壁横梁lintel膨胀节expansion joint十、转动机械10.1轴shaft轴承bearing轴承箱bearing housing联轴节shaft coupling滑轮pulleyV形皮带(三角皮带)v-belt转动设备turning equipment润滑lubrication润滑油lubrication oil/ lube oil密封seal轴封shaft seal填料packing填料箱stuffing box油膜密封oil film seal油封seal oil机械密封mechanical seal齿轮gear曲轴crankshaft连杆connecting rod十字头crosshead气缸cylinder缸套cylinder liner气缸阀cylinder value活塞piston金属填料metallic packing予埋板soleplate基座baseplate柱塞plunger箱体(壳体)casing转子roter平衡活塞balance piston迷宫密封labyrinth叶轮impeller轴套sleeve耐磨环wearing ring灯笼环lantern ring/ seal cage10.2转动机械性能轴动力shaft power/ brake horsepower额定制动马力rated brake horsepower齿轮传动损失gear loss机械效率mechanical efficiency机械损失mechanical loss额定转数rated speed最大连续转数maximum continuous speed 旋转油膜oil whirl临界速度critical speed顺时针clockwise转矩torque起动转矩starting torque性能performance特性characteristics压头head液压功率hydraulic horsepower活塞位移piston displacement体积效率volumetric efficiency显示图indicator diagram压力脉冲率pressure pulsation ratio 10.3泵泵pump泵效率pump efficiency气蚀cavitation气蚀系数cavitation coefficient净正吸入压头net positive suction head 离心泵centrifugal pump混流泵(斜流泵)mixed-flow pump轴流泵axial pump容量泵displacement type pump往复泵(活塞泵)reciprocating pump旋转泵rotary pump再生泵regenerative pump底阀foot valve10.4压缩机、风机等压缩机compressor压缩机效率compressor efficiency往复式压缩机reciprocating compressor 间隙容积clearance volume隙囊clearance pocket减压器unloader离心式压缩机centrifugal compressor 轴面压缩机axial compressor涡轮压缩机turbocompressor鼓风机blower风机fan涡轮式鼓风机turboblower涡轮风机turbofan多叶片风机multi-blade fan旋浆式风机propeller fan罗茨鼓风机roots blower/ two-lobe blower 螺杆式压缩机screw compressor湍振surging中间冷却器intercooler后冷却器(二次冷却器)aftercooler缓冲器snubber10.5透平透平turbine冲动式透平impulse turbine反作用式透平reaction turbine凝汽式透平condensing turbing抽气式透平extraction turbing背压式透平back pressure turbing透平效率turibing efficiency调速器governor速度范围speed range速度调节阀speed governing valve应急调速器emergency governor跳闸速度(应急速度限)trip speed应急阀trip valve操纵阀sentinel valve10.6冷冻机冷冻机refrigerator 制冷剂refrigrerant十一、其他机械11.1搬运起重运输设备material handling输送机conveyor带式输送机belt conveyor链式输送机chain conveyor平盘输送机pan conveyor粉体输送机continuous flow conveyor气力输送机pneumatic conveyor混合比weight ratio of solid t o gas螺旋输送机screw conveyor振动输送机vibrating conveyor滚轴输送机roller conveyor斗式提升机bucket elevator平台给料机table feeder定量给料机constant feeder /constant feed weighter 地平scale包装机packing machine缝袋机sewing machine热封口机heat sealer卷扬机hoist倒链、葫芦chain block吊车crane天车overhead crane悬臂起重机jib crane龙门起重机gantry crane倾倒卸货机car dumper手推车hand cart储存场装载输送机recluimer铲式装料机shovel loader起运载重机ship loader起运卸货机ship unloader堆积机stacker码垛机palletizer卸垛机depalletizer叉车fork lift truck鹤管loading arm11.2粉碎粉碎crushing粉碎机crusher碾磨机mill破碎机disintegrator比粉碎能力specific crushing capacity粉碎比crushing ratio粉碎性grindability筛网screen切裁尺寸cut size丝网mesh集尘器dust collector空气过滤器air cleaner/ air filter旋风分离器cyclone多管式旋风分离器multiclone(MC)集尘效率dust collector efficiency再飞散re-entrainment。