科学发展观的形成班级:xxxx 作者:xxxxx首先给科学发展观的定性、定位:科学发展观,是对党的三代中央领导集体关于发展的重要思想的继承和发展,是马克思主义关于发展的世界观和方法论的集中体现,是同马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想既一脉相承又与时俱进的科学理论,是我国经济社会发展的重要指导方针,是发展中国特色社会主义必须坚持和贯彻的重大战略思想。
十七大报告中指出:“科学发展观,是立足社会主义初级阶段基本国情,总结我国发展实践,借鉴国外发展经验,适应新的发展要求提出来的。
”(The scientific outlook on development qualitative, positioning: Scientific Outlook on development, is the party's three generation of central collective leadership of the important thoughts on development is the inheritance and development of Marx theory, is about the development world outlook and methodology embodied, with Marx Lenin, Mao Zedong thought, Deng Xiaoping Theory and "Three Represents " the important thought is come down in one continuous line and keeping pace with the times, scientific theory, is China's economic and social development of the important guiding principles, is the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics must adhere to and implement the major strategic thinking.The report pointed out: "the scientific outlook on development, is based on the primary stage of socialism is basic national condition, summarizes our country to develop the practice, draw lessons from foreign development experience, to meet new requirements of development put forward.")科学发展观形成的原因:形势所迫(国内现状),形势所逼(国际形势)行动自觉(执政理念)形势所迫?是天灾还是人祸?而资源、环境、灾害其实是直接动因,基本国情便是现实依据。
随着经济体制深刻变革、社会结构深刻变动、利益格局深刻调整、思想观念深刻变化,我国的发展既蕴涵着巨大的发展潜力和发展空间,也承受着来自人口、资源、环境以及各种突发性灾害等方面的巨大压力,成绩与问题同时存在。
一是在创造和积累了巨大物质财富的同时出现了资源浪费和生态环境破坏比较严重的问题;(资源环境问题)二是在克服平均主义的同时出现了城乡差距、区域差距和部分社会成员收入差距过大的问题;(差距问题)三是在经济快速增长的同时出现了社会发展相对滞后的问题。
(社会发展问题)[The situation? Is the natural or man-made? Resource, environment, calamity is the direct cause, fundamental national condition is the realistic basis.Along with the economic system reform, profound changes of social structure, deep adjustment of intereststructure, profound changes of ideas, the development of our country has huge development potential and development space, have endured from the population, resources, environment and all kinds of sudden disasters, and other aspects of the enormous pressure, the achievements and problems exist at the same time. One is in the created and accumulated huge material wealth and the waste of resources and destruction of ecological environment more serious problem; ( resources and environmental issues ) two in overcoming equalitarianism while appeared urban and rural difference, area difference and gap of income of partial society member is too large; ( GAP ) three is fast in economy at the same time the growth of the emergence of social development has lagged behind the question. ( Community Development )]据数据统计“二高,多难低”是原因所在之一。
高投入:建国50多年来,GDP增加了10多倍,资源消耗了40多倍。
“六五”、“七五”、“八五”、“九五”、“十五”,每增加一亿元GDP需要的固定资产投资分别是1.8亿元、2.15亿元、1.6亿元、4.49亿元和4.99亿元;高消耗:我国资源消费水平明显偏高。
每万美元GDP消耗的钢材、铜、铝、铅、锌分别是世界平均水平的5.6、4.8、4.9、4.9、4.4倍;高排放:我国每增加单位GDP的废水排放量比发达国家高4倍,单位工业产值产生的废弃物比发达国家高10多倍。
多占地:土地成本上升。
2006年10月31日,国土资源部公布了全国耕地面积是18.27亿亩,18亿亩是红线,不能突破。
难循环:全世界钢产量的1/3、铜产量的1/2、纸制品的1/3来自于循环使用。
一些发达国家在17个产业部类的生产中,水资源的消耗速率已达零增长。
而我国能源利用率为33%、工业用水重复利用率为55%,矿产资源总回收率为30%,分别比国外先进水平低10个、25个和20个百分点。
低效率:我国全社会从业人员的劳动生产率只相当于美国的1/46、日本的1/41、法国的1/34、德国的1/32。
我国第二产业劳动生产率只相当于美国的1/3、日本的1/18、法国的1/16、德国的1/12、韩国的1/7。
我国重点煤矿原煤生产效率是每人每天3.4吨。
而美国是44吨,德国为11吨,俄罗斯为9吨。
由于传统发展模式的粗放,其能耗资源相当于世界平均水平的2.2倍。
2007年,中国生产了全球5%的GDP,却消耗了全球7.8%的石油、40%的煤、32%的粗钢、20%的氧化铝和48%的水泥。
这种高消耗,显然是与建设资源节约型社会背道而驰的。
在创造和积累了巨大物质财富的同时出现了资源浪费和生态环境破坏比较严重的问题;粗放的经济发展方式、投资和出口拉动为主、巨大的发展成本、低工资、低福利。
清华大学胡鞍钢说道:“中国正以历史上最脆弱的生态环境承载着历史上最多的人口,担负着历史上最空前的资源消耗和经济活动,面临着历史上最为突出的生态环境挑战。
”国家环境保护部副部长潘岳:“五到十年内,基础资源枯竭与环境成本加大将严重制约我国经济增长。
”(On the creation and accumulation of enormous material wealth and the waste of resources and destruction of ecological environment more serious problem; the extensive mode of economic development, investment and exports, mainly the huge development cost, low wages, low welfare. Tsinghua University, Hu Angang said:" China is a history of the most fragile ecological environment bearing on the history most of the population, loading history theunprecedented resource consumption and economic activity, facing history on the most prominent ecological environment."Vice Minister of environmental protection Pan Yue:" five to ten years, basic resources exhaustion and environmental cost and will seriously restrict economic growth in china.")\ 有统计显示,中国近三分之一的国土被酸雨污染;70%的河流受到不同程度的污染;3亿农村人口难以获得清洁的饮用水;4亿城市人口每天呼吸被污染的空气;全世界受污染最为严重的20个城市中,有16个在中国境内。