（寒假总动员）2015年高三英语寒假作业专题10 状语从句（学）状语从句包括时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句，让步状语从句，原因状语从句，目的状语从句和结果状语从句。

状语从句的考查主要集中在连接词的掌握上，尤其要掌握until, before, since, when, in case等的各种语义功能和语法功能。

【重点知识整合】一、时间状语从句1．when．while与as(1) when既可接一个持续性动作，也可接一个短暂性动作，可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作发生的场合。

(2) while从句的动作必须是持续性的，侧重主句动作和从句动作的对比。

(3)as后接一个持续性动作，多用于主句和从句动作同时发生，常译为“一边……，一边……”。

When the film ended, the people went back.电影一结束，人们便回去了。

Please don't talk so loud while others are working.别人在工作时，请别这么大声谈话。

He hurried home, looking behind as he went.他匆匆忙忙回家去，一边走一边回头望。

注意：①如果主句表示的是短暂性动作，而从句用延续性动词的进行时态表示在一段时间内正在进行的动作时，when，while与as可互换使用。

When/While/As l was walking down the street,I cameacross an old friend of mine.当我沿着街走的时候，遇见了一个老朋友。

②while可作并列连词，表示对比，意为“而，却”。

He is a worker while I am a doctor．他是工人而我是医生。

③when可连接并列句，意为“就在那时”(=and then或and at that time)，常用于以下句式：The baby was on the point of crying when her mother came home．那婴儿刚要哭，这时她母亲回家了。

I was just going to explain when the bell rang.我正要解释，突然钟声响了。

2．名词短语引导的时间状语从句the time/moment/minute/instant/the day/the year/the first/second time,each/every time/next time/any time.The day he returned home, his father was already dead.他回到家的那天，他父亲已经去世了。

Every time I seehim,he is working hard.我每次见到他，他都在努力工作。

3.as soon as, immediately, directly, the moment, the minute,no sooner.., than..., hardly/scarcely.., when..., once (一……就……）.这些从属连词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一旦发生，主句的动作就随即发生，常意为“一……就……”。

从句中用一般时态代替将来时态。

Once you remember it, you'll never forget it.你一旦记住了它，就永远不会忘记。

、The moment I heard the voice,I knew Father was coming.一听到这个声音我就知道父亲来了。

No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.我们刚到车站火车就开走了。

The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.一看到母亲，男孩就突然大哭起来。

注意：no sooner.., than...与har dly/scarcely.., when...这些结构的时态搭配：主句谓语动词应用过去完成时，而than与when引导的从句应用一般过去时。

此外，当把no sooner和hardly/scareely提到句首时，主句应用部分倒装语序。

I had hardly got home when it began to rain.Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.我刚到家天就下起雨来。

4.till.until与not.., until(1)肯定句：主句谓语动词必须是延续性动词，主句、从句都为肯定式，意为“某动作一直延续到某时间点才停止”。

He remained there until she arrived.他一直在那儿直到她来。

(2)否定句：主句谓语动词必须是非延续性动词，从句为肯定式，意为“某动作直到某时间才开始”。

She won't go to bed till/until her mother returns.直到妈妈回来她才上床睡觉。

(3)句首多用until，不用till;在强调结构中或与not连用时，多用until，不用till。

(4)not... until...的句式变换。

It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.（强调句型）Not until you told me did I have any idea of it.(not until置于句首，主句用部分倒装) 直到你告诉我，我才对它有点儿印象。

5．before与since(1)若表达“还未……就……；不到……就……；……才……，趁，还没来得及”时，须用连词before。

The train had atready left before I arrived.火车已经开走了我才到。

(2)It will be+段时间+before...多久之后才……It will be half a year before I come back.还有半年我就回来了。

It won't be long before we meet again.离我们再见面不会很久了。

(3)since从句的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词，如果从句的谓语动词是延续性的，或是状态动词，若其时态是一般过去时，则时间的起点应从动作的完成或状态的结束时算起。

I haven't heard from him since he lived here.从他不住这儿起，我一直没有收到他的信。

如果从句时态是现在完成时，则时间的起点应从动作的发生或状态开始时算起。

试比较：I've written her 20 letters since I have been here.自从我到这儿来（从开始算起），我已经给她写了20封信了。

I have written her 20 letters since l was here.自从我离开这儿以来（从结束算起），我已经给她写了20封信了。

(4)在“It is+段时间+since从句”句型中，时间的计算一律从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算起。

It is three years since the war broke out.自从战争爆发以来有3年了。

It is three years since she was in our class.她离开我们班有3年了。

It is three years since he lived here．他不在这儿住有3年了。

It is three years since I smoked (----since I stopped smoking).我不吸烟有3年了。

如果要表达“我吸烟有3年了”应为：It is three years since I began to smoke.无火不生烟（无风不起浪）。

2．地点状语从句与定语从句的转化：地点状语从句只要在where前加上to/in/from the place，便可变为定语从句。

Make marks where you have questions．（状语从句）Make marks in places where you have questions.（定语从句）在你有问题的地方标注记号。

三、原因状语从句1．引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：because．since，now that，seeing that，considering that，每个连词的含义不尽相同。

2. because,as与since/now that——Why are you absent from the meeting?你为什么没有参加会议？——Because I am ill.As it is raining,we should not go to the park.由于下雨，我们不该去公园了。

Now that/Since everybody is here, let's begin our meeting.既然大家都在这儿，咱们开始开会吧。

注意：(1) for作连词也有“因为”的意思，但for是并列连词，连接并列分句。

We should be more Careful,for it is already dark.天色已晚，我们应更小心些。

(2) when也可引导原因状语从句，意为“既然”。

How can he succeed when he won't work?既然他不肯工作，那他怎么会成功呢？(3)一些介词短语可表示原因：because of，thanks to，due to， owing to等。

四、目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的从属连词（词组）有：so that，in order that,for fear that,in case,lest等。

1. in order that与so that .两个连词（词组）都意为“以便”…．；为了……”，引导的状语从句中须用may (might)，can (could)，will (would)等情态动词。

in order that比so that正式，引导的状语从句可置于主句之前或之后；丽so that引导的从苛负能置于主句之后。

I'll speak slowly so that you can understand me.我会慢慢地说，以便你能理解我。

In order that we might see the sunrise, we started for the peak early.为了能看到日出，我们早早地就向山顶出发了。