2020年精编外研版英语资料[语法初识][语法剖析]1．虚拟语气用于宾语从句中(1)动词wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气①对现在进行虚拟：did (be→were)②对过去进行虚拟：had done③对将来进行虚拟：would/could＋动词原形I wish I were back home; I don't like this place.我要是回家就好了；我不喜欢这个地方。
I wish I had never met him.但愿我从没遇见过他。
I do wish it would be a fine day tomorrow.但愿明天是个晴天。
(2)would rather后跟宾语从句时，从句使用虚拟语气。
①表示现在或将来的愿望：did②表示过去的愿望：had doneI would rather we had a rest now.我宁愿我们现在休息一下。
John would rather Mary had not attended the party yesterday evening.约翰宁愿玛丽昨天晚上没有参加宴会。
(3)表示建议、命令、要求、坚持等意义的动词，如suggest, advise, propose, order, demand, request, insist等后接宾语从句时，从句中的谓语动词通常使用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
The organization demanded that the report (should) be made public.这个组织要求应该公开这份报告。
Local police have ordered that all guns in the religion (should) be registered.当地警察已经命令这一地区的枪支必须登记。
They are advising that children (should) keep away from the river.他们正在建议孩子们要远离河水。
[名师点津] 当suggest 表示“表明，暗示”，insist表示“坚持认为”之意时，从句不用虚拟语气。
The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.这个人坚持说他绝对没有偷钱。
His puzzled expression suggested that he didn't understand the foreigner's words.他迷惑的表情表明他不明白那个外国人的话。
2．虚拟语气用于表语从句和同位语从句中(1)在suggestion, proposal, order, request, advice等表示建议、命令、坚持等意义的名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中，要用“(should)＋动词原形”的虚拟语气。
Her advice is that we (should) leave at once.她的建议就是我们应该马上离开。
I made a proposal that we (should) hold a meeting next week.我建议我们下周举行一个会议。
(2)在as if/though等引导的表语从句中有时可用虚拟语气(有时也可用陈述语气)。
①对现在进行虚拟：did②对过去进行虚拟：had done③对将来进行虚拟：would/could/should/might＋动词原形He looks as if he were an artist.他看起来真像个艺术家。
It looks as if our team is going to win.看起来我们队要获胜了。
[名师点津] as if/though引导的方式状语从句，也有这种用法。
He spoke English as if he had studied it in England before.他英语说得宛如他以前在英国学过一样。
She opened the mouth as if/though she would say something.她张开嘴好像要说什么。
3．虚拟语气用于主语从句中(1)在“it is important/necessary/essential/strange ...＋that ...”句型中，that 从句用虚拟语气，从句谓语用“(should＋)动词原形”。
It is essential that these application forms (should) be sent back as early as possible. 这些申请表应尽早地寄回，这是很重要的。
It's strange that tourists (should) never visit this village.很奇怪，这些游客竟然没有参观过这个村子。
(2)在“it is suggested/demanded/ordered/recommended/required ...＋that从句”中，that 从句是真正的主语从句，从句中的谓语用“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。
It is required that we (should) get everything ready this evening.要求我们今晚一切都准备就绪。
It is advised that the meeting (should) be put off until next week.有人建议会议推迟到下周举行。
(3)在“it is ＋名词＋that”引导的主语从句中，从句中谓语用“should＋动词原形”，其中should 可以省略。
这类名词都是表示建议、命令、请求、道歉、怀疑、惊奇等的名词，如advice, desire, demand, idea, order, pity, proposal, recommendation, requirement, shame, suggestion, surprise, wonder等。
It is my proposal that he (should) be sent to study further abroad.我建议派他去国外进一步学习。
集中演练11－1.单句语法填空①I'd rather you posted (post) the letter right away.②His pale suggested that he was (be) ill, and his parents suggested he (should) have (have) a medical examination.③How I wish I had attended (attend) your wedding anniversary held yesterday!④The order came that the medical and food supplies (should) be sent (send) to the flood-stricken areas without delay.⑤He is talking so much about France as if he had been (be) there.⑥It is necessary that the problem (should) be solved (solve) immediately.1－2.完成句子⑦他要求把会议推迟到星期六。
He requested that the meeting (should) be put off to Saturday.⑧我真希望你那天没有把那消息告诉他。
I'd rather you hadn't told him the news that day.⑨真奇怪这样的事情竟然在我们学校发生了。
It is strange that such things should happen in our school.⑩他说起话来好像去过好多国家似的。
He talks as if he had been to many countries.1．在“It is (high/about)time that ...”句型中，that从句用虚拟语气。
从句谓语用一般过去时或“should＋动词原形”，should不可省。
It is high time that we took/should take some measures to solve the problem.确实到了我们采取措施解决问题的时候了。
2．if only引导的感叹句，谓语动词要采用虚拟语气，其谓语构成与wish后的宾语从句中的谓语相同。
He failed in the exam again. If only he had worked harder!他考试又失败了。
要是他更努力些就好了！If only the banks would lend money without limit!但愿银行能无限制地贷款。
集中演练22－1.单句语法填空①It is high time that we got (get) down to our business.②If only I had known (know) the answer that day!③If only you would listen (listen) to our advice.④If only I had (have) more money, I could buy a car.2－2.完成句子⑤你该教训一下他了。
It is high time that you should teach/taught him a lesson.⑥当时她要是知道去哪儿找你就好了！If only she had known where to find you then!⑦我要是能说几门外语就好了。
If only I could speak several foreign languages.[链接高考]单句语法填空1．(2015·天津高考)I wish I had been (be) at my sister's wedding last Tuesday，but I was on a business trip in New York then.解析：考查虚拟语气。
句意：我真希望上周二参加我妹妹的婚礼，但是那时我正好在纽约出差。