专题一名词一、名词的分类：可数名词和不可数名词1、可数名词有单、复数两种形式：可数名词的单数形式要在名词前加―a或an‖；复数形式是在名词后加―-s或-es‖。

名词复数形式有规则变化和不规则变化两种，规则变化及其读音可依照下表：2. 可数名词复数的不规则变化①改变单数名词中的元音字母eg. man--men, woman—women, tooth—teeth, foot—feet, goose—geese, mouse--mice②单复数同形 eg. Chinese-Chinese, deer-deer, fish-fish, sheep-sheep,…③由man 和woman构成的合成词, 每个名词都要变复数eg. a man doctor— men doctors, a woman teacher--women teachers注意: 有些名词表示一种物体具有不可分割的相同的两部分,在使用时只有复数形式eg. trousers, clothes, glasses, shorts,scissors, etc;有些名词从形式上看是复数,实际上是单数(其后的谓语动词要用单数). eg. maths, phyiscs, politics, news3. 不可数名词：表示不能计算数目的人或物，称为不可数名词。

1).不能直接用数字表数量 2).不能直接加a或an 3).没有复数形式 4).可用some、any 、lots of、plenty of 、much 修饰 5).可用―量词短语‖表示不可数名词一般只有单数形式, 但有其特殊用法:(1)同一个词,变成复数形式, 意义不同。

eg. food 食物--- foods 各种食物，time 时间 --- times 时代，green 绿色 ---greens 青菜(2)有些不可数名词用复数代指具体的事物eg. hope ---hopes 希望 hardship --- hardships 艰苦(3)物质名词在表示数量时,常用某个量词+of来表示eg. a cup of tea, seven pieces of bread, several bags of rice, …（4）有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词，但词义有所不同。

例： fruit水果——fruits表示不同种类的水果；food食物——foods各种食品；fish鱼——fishes鱼的种类；drink饮料、酒——a drink一杯／一份饮料、一杯酒； cloth布——,a cloth桌布、抹布； sand沙——sands沙滩； tea茶——a tea一杯茶；chicken鸡肉——a chicken小鸡；orange橘汁——an orange橘子； glass玻璃——a glass玻璃杯,glasses眼镜；paper纸——a paper试卷、论文；wood木头——a wood小森林；room空间、余地——a room房间三、名词的所有格1. ’s 所有格。

1).用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示共有关系时，这时只在最后一个名词后加―‘s.‖This is ____________________(Mary and Lily) bedroom .2). 1).用and连接两个并列的单数名词表示各有关系时，这时分别在每个名词后加―‘s.‖These are ________________(Tom and Jack ) school bags .3).以s结尾的名词，变所有格时在s后加―‘‖,不以s 结尾的复数名词，仍加―‘s‖Teachers‘ Day Children‘s Day2.of 所有格1).of 用来表示无生命的名词所有格。

the map of China the door of the room2).双重所有格：of + 名词所有格of + 名词性的物住代词He is a friend of my _________(brother ) . Is she a daughter of __________(you)?巩固练习：1.( ) 1 She was very happy. She in the maths test.A. makes a few mistakeB. made a few mistakesC. made few mistakesD. makes few mistake( )2 We need some more____. Can you go and get some, please?A. potatoB. potatosC. potatoesD. potatoe( )3 _____are____for cutting things.A. Knife/usedB. Knives/usedC. Knife/usingD. Knives/using( )4 What big____ the tiger has!A. toothB. teethC. toothsD. toothes( ) 5 Please remember to give the horse some tree___.A. leafsB. leavesC. leafD. leave( ) 6 -Can we have some ___?-Yes, please.A. bananaB. orangesC.appleD. pear2.( ) 1 They got much ___ from those new books.A. ideasB. photosC. informationD. stories( )2 He gave us____ on how to keep fit.A. some advicesB. some adviceC. an adviceD. a advice( ) 3 When we saw his face, we knew___ was bad.A. some newsB. a newsC. the newsD. news( ) 4 What___ lovely weather it is!A. /B. theC. anD. a3.( )1 -Would you like___tea?-No, thanks. I have drunk two____.A. any, bottles of orangeB. some, bottles of orangeC. many, bottles of orangesD. few, bottle of oranges( )2 He is hungry. Give him ___ to eat.A. two breadsB. two piece of breadC. two pieces of breadD. two pieces of breads ( )3 It really took him:___ to draw the nice horse.A. sometimesB. hourC. long timeD. some time( )4 I would like to have___.A. two glasses of milkB. two glass of milk IC. two glasses of milksD. two glass of milks ( ) 5 Can you give me ____?A. a teaB. some cup of teaC. a cup teaD. a cup of tea( ) 6 Please give me ___ paper. A. one B. a piece C. a D. a piece of( )7 John bought___for himself yesterday.A. two pairs of shoesB. two pair of shoeC. two pair of shoesD. two pairs shoes参考答案：1. 1-7 C C B B B B C 2. 1-4 C B C A 3. 1-7 B C D A D D A练习与巩固：（）1. They got much _____ from those new books.A. ideasB. photosC. newsD. stories（）2. I have two _______ and three bottles of _________ here.A. orange, orangeB. oranges, orangesC. oranges, orangeD. orange, oranges（）3. Every evening M r. King takes a _________ to his home .A. 25 minutes‘ walkB. 25 minute‘s walkC. 25 minute walkD. 25 minutes walk（）4. An old _______ wants to see you.A. peopleB. personC. the peopleD. the person（）5. Help yourself to __________.A. chickens and applesB. chickens and appleC. chicken and appleD. chicken and apples （）6. Oh, dear. I forgot the two _________.A. room‘s numberB. rooms‘ numberC. room numbersD. rooms‘ numbers（）7. She has been in Tianjin for ten years. Tianjin has become her second _________.A. familyB. houseC. homeD. room专题二：动词动词是表示动作（study, find, swim 等）或状态（be, like, feel 等）的词。

动词具有人称、数量、时态、语态和语态变化。

动词分类：动词有助动词、情态动词、联系动词和行为动词(实义动词 )四类。

一）助动词1、助动词be的用法如下：1）构成各种进行时态。

如：It was raining all day yesterday.昨天整天下雨。

2）构成被动语态。

如：The meeting was held yesterday afternoon.会议是昨天下午举行的。